
急求一份新疆吐鲁番新坎儿井导游词和交河故城的。
在古城西安玉祥门外的大庆路上,有一座大型雕塑群:西域人与汉人带着满载丝绸的骆驼商队,正缓缓西行。
这是对张骞开辟丝绸之路,建立丰功伟绩的纪念和歌颂。
公元前1世纪,罗马共和国首脑人物凯撒穿着一件丝绸长袍到剧院看演出。
谁料,他比演员更引人注目,满剧场的人都把眼光盯在这件从来未见过的丝袍上。
当大家知道这是中国生产的丝织品后,又是高兴,又是羡慕。
此后,身着中国丝绸锦绣,成了罗马上层人物高贵和权力的象征。
中国的丝织品是怎样到了欧洲的
这要从张骞出使西域说起(汉代西域指今日河西走廊以西的天山南北及巴尔喀什湖地区)。
张骞(公元前
——前114年),陕西汉中成固(今城固)人,西汉杰出的外交家,“丝绸之路”的开拓者。
公元前138年到119年,张骞奉汉武帝之命,两通西域,开辟了我国和西方的国际陆路交通道路,从此,一条从长安出发,经河西走廊和今新疆境内,到达中亚、西亚、甚至欧洲的“丝绸之路”也正式开通。
通过这条横贯亚洲大陆古代东西贸易通道,从公元前2世纪到9世纪以丝绸为主的中外贸易往来非常频繁,促进了东西方的文化交流和沿途各地的经济繁荣,特别是对中国蚕桑丝绸技术的西传起了巨大作用。
19世纪末,德国地理学家希特霍芬首先使用了“丝绸之路”这一名称。
后来在这条通道上陆续出土了中国汉唐各朝的大量丝织品和其它文物。
:早年,人们对这条东西往来的通路没有给予一个统一的固定名称。
1877年,德国地理学家李希霍芬(F. von Richthofen)在他所写的《中国》一书中,首次把汉代中国和中亚南部、西部以及印度之间的丝绸贸易为主的交通路线,称作“丝绸之路”(德文作Seidenstrassen, 英文作the Silk Road)。
其后,德国历史学家赫尔曼(A. Herrmann)在 1910 年出版的《中国和叙利亚之间的古代丝绸之路》一书中,根据新发现的文物考古资料,进一步把丝绸之路延伸到地中海西岸和小亚细亚,确定了丝绸之路的基本内涵,即它是中国古代经由中亚通往南亚、西亚以及欧洲、北非的陆上贸易交往的通道,因为大量的中国丝和丝织品经由此路西传,故此称作“丝绸之路”,简称“丝路”。
丝绸之路是个形象而且贴切的名字。
在古代世界,只有中国是最早开始种桑、养蚕、生产丝织品的国家。
近年中国各地的考古发现表明,自商、周至战国时期,丝绸的生产技术已经发展到相当高的水平。
中国的丝织品迄今仍是中国奉献给世界人民的最重要产品之一,它流传广远,涵盖了中国人民对世界文明的种种贡献。
因此,多少年来,有不少研究者想给这条道路起另外一个名字,如“玉之路”、“宝石之路”、“佛教之路”、“陶瓷之路”等等, 但是,都只能反映丝绸之路的某个局部,而终究不能取代“丝绸之路”这个名字。
丝绸之路的基本走向形成于公元前后的两汉时期。
它东面的起点是西汉的首都长安(今西安)或东汉的首都洛阳,经陇西或固原西行至金城(今兰州),然后通过河西走廊的武威、张掖、酒泉、敦煌四郡,出玉门关或阳关,穿过白龙堆到罗布泊地区的楼兰。
汉代西域分南道北道,南北两道的分岔点就在楼兰。
北道西行,经渠犁(今库尔勒)、龟兹(今库车)、姑墨(今阿克苏)至疏勒(今喀什)。
南道自鄯善(今若羌),经且末、精绝(今民丰尼雅遗址)、于阗(今和田)、皮山、莎车至疏勒。
从疏勒西行,越葱岭(今帕米尔)至大宛(今费尔干纳)。
由此西行可至大夏(在今阿富汗)、粟特(在今乌兹别克斯坦)、安息(今伊朗),最远到达大秦(罗马帝国东部)的犁靬(又作黎轩,在埃及的亚历山大城)。
另外一条道路是,从皮山西南行,越悬渡(今巴基斯坦达丽尔),经罽宾(今阿富汗喀布尔)、乌弋山离(今锡斯坦),西南行至条支(在今波斯湾头)。
如果从罽宾向南行,至印度河口(今巴基斯坦的卡拉奇),转海路也可以到达波斯和罗马等地。
这是自汉武帝时张骞两次出使西域以后形成的丝绸之路的基本干道,换句话说,狭义的丝绸之路指的就是上述这条道路。
历史上的丝绸之路也不是一成不变的,随着地理环境的变化和政治、宗教形势的演变,不断有一些新的道路被开通,也有一些道路的走向有所变化,甚至废弃。
比如敦煌、罗布泊之间的白龙堆,是一片经常使行旅迷失方向的雅丹地形。
当东汉初年打败蒙古高原的北匈奴,迫使其西迁,而中原王朝牢固地占领了伊吾(今哈密)以后,开通了由敦煌北上伊吾的“北新道”。
从伊吾经高昌(今吐鲁番)、焉耆到龟兹,就和原来的丝路北道会合了。
南北朝时期, 中国南北方处于对立的状态,而北方的东部与西部也时分时合。
在这样的形势下,南朝宋齐梁陈四朝与西域的交往,大都是沿长江向上到益州(今成都),再北上龙涸(今松潘),经青海湖畔的吐谷浑都城,西经柴达木盆地到敦煌,与丝路干道合; 或更向西越过阿尔金山口,进入西域鄯善地区,与丝路南道合,这条道被称作“吐谷浑道”或“河南道”,今天人们也叫它作“青海道”。
还有从中原北方或河西走廊向北到蒙古高原,再西行天山北麓,越伊犁河至碎叶(今托克马克附近),进入中亚地区。
这条道路后来也被称作“北新道”,它在蒙古汗国和元朝时期最为兴盛。
英语作文,开封英文导游词
你可以写一份汉语版的我来给你翻译追问:确定
那我就两天之内准备好了。
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谢绝在线翻译哦
而且,我是要考试的呀
才艺部分,我自己准备,那就谢谢啦回答:嗯追问:丝路环游众所周知,丝绸之路进入新疆之后,就分为南道,北道,中道三段。
而且每条道上的风景都让人留恋和深思。
所以就有了这次的丝路环游之行。
先简单介绍一下新疆概况:位于中国西北边陲,古称西域,也是中国的第二大牧区,生态环境极为脆弱。
属北温带大陆性干旱气候,冬季漫长而严寒,夏季短促而炎热,春秋季节相对不明显,气温变化强烈,太阳辐射强。
所以提醒大家一定要注意防晒和日夜温差太大而要准备好合适的衣服。
与此同时,新疆也拥有了得天独厚的日照,光,热条件,利于栽培喜温瓜果树木以及作物,提高糖分的积累。
所以新疆的瓜果一滋味甘美闻名遐迩。
而我们的第一站就是乌鲁木齐的。
它是世界上离海洋最远的城市,也是新疆维吾尔自治区的首府,意为“优美的牧场”,同样也是丝路的必经之地。
我们推荐的景点是南山牧场,悠然的天然牧场,羊群、马队缀在绿色的草原上,云杉茂密,山花遍地,山谷深处还有一处20米高的瀑布,景色宜人。
在这里你可以住在哈萨克牧民的毡房,品尝馕、奶制品、烤羊肉串、烤羊腿、手抓饭等美食。
烤全羊是新疆名馔:选择羯羊或两岁以下的肥羊羔为原料,去蹄及内脏,用白面、盐水、鸡蛋、胡椒粉、孑然粉等调成糊状,均匀抹在羊的全身,然后放入特制的馕坑中,焖烤至熟。
出炉的烤全羊,金黄透油,香味四溢,肉味鲜美至极
你也可以租上一匹哈萨克牧民的骏马驰骋在广阔的草原,穿越于密林深处。
也可以去体会哈萨克族牧民传统民族风情:赛马、叨羊、姑娘追。
乌鲁木齐四季皆宜,每个季节各有不同。
我们的第二站便是闻名已久的吐鲁番:它是我国最低最热最干的地方。
是极干旱地区独特自热生态环境与绿洲文明的代表。
你们可能已经注意到,一踏上这块土地,热和干便是我们唯一的感觉
太阳这样直白地烘烤,据说地面温度已经达到了50到60摄氏度,也就是说,可以蒸熟鸡蛋了。
大家也不要太烦闷了,我们不如想象成一次愉快的桑拿之旅。
首先我们去的是火焰山西端的葡萄沟,这里农舍环绕,曲径通幽,藤蔓交织,绿意葱茏,一进来就非常清凉和舒服,这里是“火洲”的避暑天堂。
在这些葡萄架下,只要手鼓一响,在场的男女老少都会不约而同地翩翩起舞。
相信大家都听过那首熟悉的《掀起你的盖头来》,旅途上曾经有位大叔戏说“小导游怎么不表演
”那么现在就为大家表演一下。
小导有点不好意思了,这里可是歌舞之乡啊,竟在这里班门弄斧了,也请大家见谅吧。
现在就请大家随我一起参观用来晾制葡萄干的荫房吧。
抬手就可摘到的葡萄大家可不能乱摘,稍后便有可以免费品尝葡萄的地方,让大家过足瘾。
来到吐鲁番的必看景点就是坎儿井了,它与万里长城、京杭大运河并称为中国三大工程,它也是当地人们的生命之源。
因为是在地下,也很清凉舒适。
现在我们来到的是阿斯塔那——哈拉和卓古墓地,墓室里有很多逼真生动的壁画,至今仍栩栩如生,还有震惊中外的“吐鲁番文书”,它是当今国际学术研究——吐鲁番字的基础。
因为气候炎热干燥形成的天然无菌的环境,所以死者尸体和随葬物品虽历千年而不腐,尸体也因迅速失水而形成了比埃及金字塔中的“木乃伊”还要珍奇的干尸,有的尸体连眼睛睫毛都历历可见。
现在我们到达的地方就是哈密,也就是哈密瓜的故乡。
两千年前,这里是汉代张骞第一次开通丝绸之路的要塞,素有“西域咽喉,东西孔道”之称。
俗话说“东海的螃蟹西海的虾比不上哈密的瓜”哈密的美不能用言语来表达。
丝路和草原文化也被它养育.......千百年前这里曾繁华喧闹,而岁月流转,一切繁花都被浩淼大漠神秘掩埋。
无数考古探险者曾一次一次闯入这里,妄图一沾历史的尘埃,触摸千百年前的灵魂。
楼兰古遗址其实是楼兰国的都城。
旁边曾有罗布泊,清澈的河流。
东汉以后,塔里木河改道,楼兰严重缺水,当时虽然花了大量人力物力,横断注冰河引水入楼兰,但时间不久,楼兰古城终因断水而废弃。
从此楼兰古城消逝于历史
在这里,小导想向大家介绍一种树——胡杨林。
它生而不死一千年,死而不倒一千年,倒而不朽一千年。
秋天胡杨树的叶很漂亮,会变成金黄色。
看着它们,会让人联想到孤独。
广漠的沙地上只有它傲然挺立,更别说是在这一望无边,寸草不生的世界第二沙漠——塔克拉玛干沙漠了。
和田位于新疆南部,意为”产玉石的地方”。
高山大河蕴金藏玉,绿洲沃土是蚕桑丝绸之地。
自古就有玉邑绢都的美誉。
和田玉更是驰名中外。
现在我们来到的是喀什市,喀什是阿拉伯的世界,不惶恐和新奇是不可能的。
但除了维族风情让人迷醉之外,还有著名景点--香妃墓。
这里仅是他的衣冠冢,是典型的伊斯兰式古陵墓建筑。
香妃是乾隆皇帝的爱妃,遍体生香,能够招引蝴蝶。
我国的阿拉伯式伊斯兰建筑就不得不提艾提尕尔清真寺,是中国最大的一座伊斯兰教寺,历经500多年的历史,才有今天这样的规模。
全寺布局,工艺,装饰都是古朴典雅,风格独特,让人叹为观止。
这一站是库车,也就是古代的龟兹。
是丝绸之路的要冲,千百年来,这里已经形成了举世闻名的龟兹文化。
我们去的是克孜尔千佛洞。
石窟开凿已经有500年之久。
之题材是释迦牟尼。
诸菩萨,佛教,经文,天宫伎乐以及生活的艺术风采,对研究龟兹社会历史,佛教文化艺术以及中西关系提供了宝贵的资料。
有塞外情人之称的伊犁也是美得如梦似幻,山山岭岭,沟沟洼洼,无处不绿。
美丽的伊犁河谷,到处飘着香,不是江南,胜似江南。
这里山美,水美,人更美。
伊犁河畔还有美丽的伊犁大桥,那里是‘伊桥落日’拍摄的最佳去处。
赛里木河意为山脊梁上的湖。
被称为西方静海。
传说她是由一对年轻的恋人的泪水汇聚而成。
看到她就会脑海中一片空白,原来世界上真的有无法形容的水,怎么用文字去描绘都觉得是一种亵渎,都会先得凡俗。
在湖畔的草原上还有著名的敖包,敖包就是‘石头堆’的意思,由人工堆积,数目大小高低不等。
初为道路和境界的标志,有一些为纪念某事护着某人而堆,如同碑铭。
后来,由于宗教的影响,深化了它,被尊为神物。
所谓“敖包相会”其实就是指那达慕大会,意思就是娱乐和做游戏,一年一度,男女青年借此机会谈情说爱。
最后一站,我们穿行了吉尔班通古特沙漠的边缘,回到了乌鲁木齐。
但是,我们还有一站就是这里的新疆博物馆。
现在进去看,更有着灵魂上的震撼。
有人曾说:有一种地方,风景在路上,有一种旅行,风景在心中。
那么,童话般美丽的草原,大漠,天山,古道,悠悠驼铃,是否已经住在了你们的心上了呢
麻烦了
感觉好难
我写它也写得辛苦呢
拜托了回答:As is known to all, the silk road into xinjiang, south, north is divided into three sections, the word. And of every faith scenery lets a person miss and thoughtful. Therefore, it is the silk road trip to travel.Brief introduction of the first description: xinjiang is located in China's northwest border regions in China, also called, the second-largest pasture, ecological environment. North of continental climate, the winters are long and hard, summer, autumn season and hot chirp is not obvious, relatively strong, solar radiation temperature changes. So remind everybody must pay attention to prevent bask in the night and temperature is too big and prepare appropriate clothes. Meanwhile, xinjiang has the advantageous sunshine, light, heat and planting trees and the crops of thermophilic melon, improve sugar accumulation. So a luscious taste the melon and fruit in xinjiang.Our first stop was the urumqi. It is the farthest from the oceans of the world cities, capital of xinjiang uygur autonomous region, meaning beautiful, but also the ranch along. We recommend the attraction is the natural pasture, carefree nanshan pasture flocks, paolo maldini, compose in green grassland, spruce, combining the deep valley, and a 20 meters high, the waterfall. Here you can live on the shores of the ZhanFang, taste herdsmen Nang, dairy products, roast lamb kebabs, ZhuaFan hand, etc. Bake complete sheep is a choice JieYang surrounding xinjiang, or under the age of two lambs as raw materials, to fat with flour and entrails, feet, salt water, eggs, pepper, alone powder evenly into paste, in the whole body, then add the sheep are soaking pit, Nang bake until cooked. Baked sheep, golden oil, fragrance waft through the meat, delicious! You can rent a horse galloping on the kazakh nomads, across the vast grassland of the thick forest. Also can realize kazak ethnic customs: racing nomads, thanks to the sheep, chasing girls. Urumqi seasons all appropriate, each have different seasons.Our second station is well known in turpan: it's very hot and dry the lowest place. Is extremely arid region unique ecological environment and the representatives of the oasis civilization. You may have noticed that a foot on this land, and we are the only dry! The sun is so frankly, the baking temperature has reached 50 to 60 degrees Celsius, i.e., steaming eggs. You also don't too boring, let us imagine a pleasant trip to the sauna. First, we went to the fire, the authors of shanxi, surrounded by the farmhouse here, secluded spot, vines with green, a very cool and refreshing and comfortable come, here is the HuoZhou summer in heaven. In these grape, as long as the timbrel rang, men and women will be averted dance. Believe that everyone heard that song familiar to, covering your journey has a small talk uncle? How does not show guide So now you for it.Small guide a bit embarrassed, here but dance, unexpectedly township in here, please everybody to me. Now please follow me to visit the shadow of raisins for washing room. Raised my hand against the grapes can be picked you can't decapitation, later will have to taste the free of grapes, let everybody fan.To see the city will be KanErJing, it is spots with wall, the beijing-hangzhou grand canal and called China's three projects, it is the source of life of the local people. Because it is in the ground, also very cool and refreshing and comfortable.Now we came to the tomb ASiDaNa - hara and is, there are many rooms vivid fresco, lifelike lifelike, still have the turpan documents, it is the current international academic research foundation of words - turpan. Because the climate is hot dry form natural germ-free environment, so the dead bodies and objects, although calendar millennium items without corruption, the body is due to rapid dehydrate and formed the pyramids in Egypt mummy than also mummified corpses of exotic, some even seems visible eyes eyelash.Now we reached the place, also is the hami melon is executed. Two thousand years ago, here is the han dynasty ZhangQian first opened the silk road fortress, known as the macroscopic throats, western. As the saying goes, the east sea crab hami melons as shrimp, beauty of hami words can't express. Silk road and the grassland culture were also it nurture...Millions of years ago CengFanHua noisy here, all the time, the flowers are circulation of vast desert mysterious buried. Numerous archaeological explorers have again and again into a history to touch, the dust, touch the soul of hundreds of years ago. Loulan ancient site actually is the capital of kingdom . Have LuoBuBo beside the river, clear. After the han and the tarim river water diverted, though, because human resource and spent a cross-sectional note glacier diversion into loulan, but soon, the time of ancient lou-lan and waste water. From ancient lou-lan died in history!Here, small guide to introduce a tree - the Euphrates poplar forests. It was born a millennium, death and immortality, but not a thousand years, and a thousand immortality. In autumn the leaves are very beautiful, HuYangShu will become yellow. Looking at them, reminiscent of loneliness. Open the sand only it stands firm, let alone in this endless desert, the world's second fought - the taklamakan desert.Located in southern xinjiang hetian jade, meaning production. The hidden mountain jade, oasis aggregates gold silk is fertile land. Ancient city of silk is jade. Jade is well-known.Now we came to KaShenShi kashgar, is the world, not is the fear and novelty is impossible. But let a person enchanted uygur amorous feelings, famous scenic spots -- was. Here is only his YiGuanZhong, is typical of the ancient tombs islamic architecture. Was the emperor qianlong's love, full color, can attract butterfly.The Arabic islamic architecture in China will have to ask YiDiGaEr mosques, is China's largest an islamic temple, after five years of history, the scale of today. The layout of temple, craft, adornment is elegant, unique style, breathtaking.This is an ancient of kuqa, also is GuiZi. The silk road, for thousands of years, there has been formed a world-famous GuiZi culture. We went to the kilzil thousand-buddha cave. Grottoes carved has 500 years. The subject is the Buddha. The bodhisattva, Buddhism, music, and life of literati temple, GuiZi study of art history, social relations between art and buddhist culture provides valuable information.There's also the yili area called beauty is dreamy, mountain ridge mountains, GouGou hollow depression, is green. Beautiful ili river valley, the sweet, not jiangnan than chiang-nan. Here, the beauty of mountains and waters are more beautiful. Yili river and beautiful, there is the bridge to ili, Iraq bridge of the best place.SaiLiMu river is the backbone mountain lake. JingHai called western. She is a legend of young lovers and tears of gathering. See her will head for the world blank, there really can't describe how the water, use text to depict all think is a profane, will first mundane. In the lake of grassland and famous aobao, aobao rocks is the meaning, the number of levels, the size. The realm of roads and, some for something loving someone, but as inscriptions. Later, the religious influence, deepen its, considered sacred. The so-called ao bao is actually refers to the festival, which means entertainment and games, young men, annual opportunity to love.Finally, we traveled through the desert, gill class, returned to the edge of urumqi. However, we still have a standing here of xinjiang museum. Now go on, have the soul of shock. Someone once said: a place on the way, the scenery, a travel, scenery in the heart. So, the beautiful fairy tale, the desert, grassland, gu long camel, tianshan mountain, and have lived in your heart? 这个应该还可以吧……



