有关著名哲学家罗素的简介,成就及其名言?
罗素（1872—1970）是20世纪声誉卓著、 影响深远的思想家之一。
他一生中完成了40多部著作，涉及哲学、数学、科学、伦理学、社会学、教育、历史、宗教以及政治等各个方面。
罗素的首要事业和建树是在数学和逻辑领域，对西方哲学产生了深刻的影响。
1950年，罗素获得诺贝尔文学奖金。
罗素是当代的一位巨人，集哲学家、作家、数学家和政治理论家于一身。
一生中，完成40余部著作，涉及哲学、数学、伦理学、社会学、教育、历史、宗教以及政治等各方面。
罗素首要事业和建树是在数学和逻辑领域，对西方哲学产生了深刻影响。
中年时期所写的有关道德、政治、教育、和平主义等方面的著述，激励和启发了人们的进取精神。
晚年在积极反对制造核武器和反对越南战争的斗争中，成为全世界理想青年的鼓舞者。
英国哲学家罗素曾说过：爱情能使生命更新，正如大旱后的甘霖之于植物一样。
罗素一反当时西方人把中国视为“东亚病夫”的藐视立场，对中国文化大加赞赏,他说：“要判断一个社会的优劣，我们必须不仅仅考虑这个社会内部有多少善与恶，也要看它在促使别的社会产生善与恶方面起何作用，还要看这个社会享有的善较之于他处的恶而言有多少。
如此说来，中国要胜于我们英国。
”罗素乐观地预言说：“我相信，中国人如能对我们的文明杨善弃恶，再结合自身的传统文化，必将取得辉煌的成就。
”
请教罗素的一句名言的出处
我为什么而活 翻译 [英]罗 三种单纯然而极其强激情支配着我的一生。
那对于爱情的渴望，对于知识的追求，以及对于人类苦难痛彻肺腑的怜悯。
这些激情犹如狂风，把我伸展到绝望边缘的深深的苦海上东抛西掷，使我的生活没有定向。
我追求爱情，首先因为它叫我消魂。
爱情使人消魂的魅力使我常常乐意为了几小时这样的快乐而牺牲生活中的其他一切。
我追求爱情，又因为它减轻孤独感－－那种一个颤抖的灵魂望着世界边缘之外冰冷而无生命的无底深渊时所感到的可怕的孤独。
我追求爱情，还因为爱的结合使我在一种神秘的缩影中提前看到了圣者和诗人曾经想像过的天堂。
这就是我所追求的，尽管人的生活似乎还不配享有它，但它毕竟是我终于找到的东西。
我以同样的热情追求知识，我想理解人类的心灵，我想了解星辰为何灿烂，我还试图弄懂毕达哥拉斯学说的力量，是这种力量使我在无常之上高踞主宰地位。
我在这方面略有成就，但不多。
爱情和知识只要存在，总是向上导往天堂。
但是，怜悯又总是把我带回人间。
痛苦的呼喊在我心中反响回荡，孩子们受饥荒煎熬，无辜者被压迫者折磨，孤弱无助的老人在自己的儿子眼中变成可恶的累赘，以及世上触目皆是的孤独、贫困和痈苦－－这些都是对人类应该过的生活的嘲弄。
我渴望能减少罪恶，可我做不到，于是我感到痛苦。
这就是我的一生。
我觉得这一生是值得活的，如果真有可能再给我一次机会，我将欣然再重活—次。
英文原文为： What I Have Lived For Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a great ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy - ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness–that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what–at last–I have found. With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved. Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate this evil, but I cannot, and I too suffer. This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.
罗素的名言，有多少发多少，有重赏。
伯特兰·罗素（Bertrand Russell 1872－1970） 罗素是20世纪声誉卓著、影响深远的思想家之一。
在其漫长的一生中，完成了40余部著作，涉及哲学、数学、科学、论理学、社会学、教育、历史、宗教及政治等各个领域，对西方哲学产生了深刻影响。
1950年获诺贝尔文学奖。
On Human Nature and Politics 论人性和政治 Undoubtedly the desire for food has been, and still is ,one of the main causes of great political events. But man differs from other animals in one very important respect, and that is that he has desires which are , so to speak, intimate, which can never be fully gratified, and which should keep him restless even in Paradise. The boa constrictor, when he had an adequate meal, goes to sleep, and does not wake until he needs another meal. Human beings, for the most not part are not like this. When the Arabs, who had been used to living sparingly on a few dates acquired the riches of the Eastern Roman Empire and dwelt in palaces of almost unbelievable luxury, they did not, on that account, become inactive. Hunger could no longer be a motive, for Greek slaves supplied them with exquisite viands at the slightest nod. But other desires kept them active; four in particular , which we can label acquisitiveness , rivalry, vanity and love of power.毫无疑问，占有食物的欲望过去一直是，而且现在也仍然是导致重大政治事件的主要原因之一。
而人不同于其他动物的一个重要方面在于人具有无止境的、永远无法满足的欲望，欲望使人即使到了天堂也会坐立不安。
巨蟒饱食后就去睡觉，直到需要再进食时它才醒来，绝大部分人不像巨蟒那样。
习惯于吃几个枣充饥的阿拉伯人没有因为获得了东罗马帝国的财富，稍一点头，希腊奴隶就会为他们端上最精美的食物，然而是其他欲望使他们行动起来，尤其是以下四种。
可以称之为：占有欲，竞争欲、虚荣心、权力欲。
Acquisitiveness-the wish to possess as much as possible of goods , or the title to goods-is a motive which, I suppose, has its origin in a combination of fear with the desire for necessaries.占有欲--希望尽可能多地占有财产或拥有财产的所有权--是一个动机。
我认为该动机产生于恐惧心理和拥有必需品的欲望结合之中。
I once befriended two little girls from Esthonia, who had narrowly escaped death from starvation in a famine. They lived in my family ,and of course had plenty to eat.But they spent all their leisure visiting neighbouring farms and stealing potatoes, which they hoarded . Rockfeller ,who in his infancy had experienced great poverty ,spent his adult life in a similar manner.Similarly the Arab chieftains on their silken Byzantine divans could not forget the desert ,and hoarded riches far beyond any possible physical need. But whatever the psychoanalysis of acquisitiveness, no one can deny that it is one of the great motives -especially among the more powerful, for ,as I said before, it is one of the infinite motives .However much you may acquire you will always wish to acquire more ;satiety is a dream which will always elude you.我曾经帮助过两个来自爱沙尼亚的小姑娘，她俩在一次饥荒中差点被饿死。
她们住在我家，当然有许多吃的，可是她们却利用整个闲暇时间到附近的农场去转，偷土豆，还把偷来的土豆贮藏起来。
洛克菲勒年幼时经历了极大的贫穷，成年后他仍以同样节俭的方式生活。
同样，坐在拜占庭帝国丝绒沙发椅上的阿拉伯酋长也不会忘记沙漠，他们把远远超出任何可能物质需要的财富囤积起来。
然而，无论对占有欲进行怎样的精神分析，没有人否认：占有欲是巨大动机之一--尤其在享有较多权力的人当中更是如此，正如我上面讲到的那样，占有欲是永无止境的动机之一。
无论你得到了多少，你还希望得到更多，满足是个你永远实现不了的梦。
But acquisitiveness, although it is the mainspring of the capitalist system , is by no means the most powerful of the motives that survive the conquest of hunger .Rivalry is a much stronger motive ,Over and over again in Muhammadan history, dynasties have come to grief because the sons of a sultan by different mothers could not agree, and in the resulting civil war universal ruin resulted. The same sort of thing happens in modern Europe When the British Government very unwisely allowed the Kaiser to be present at a naval review at Spithead ,the thought which arose in his mind was not the one which we had intended.What he thought was.I must have a Navy as good as Grandmamma's.And from this thought pier place than it is if acquisitiveness were always stronger than rivalry.But in fact ,a great many men will cheerfully face impoverishment if they can thereby secure complete ruin for their rivals, Hence the present level of taxation.虽然占有欲是资本主义制度的主要动机，但它并不是征服饥饿后的一个强大动机，更为强烈的动机乃是竞争。
在伊斯兰教史上，王朝一次又一次的遭难，是因为同父异母的子女们常常意见不同，从而导致了内战，赞成了普遍的破坏。
现代欧洲也发生过同样的事情。
当英国政府极不明智地允许德皇出席斯匹特海德海军检阅式时，出现在德皇脑海里的想法并不是我们所想的那种，他想的是我必须拥有一个海军，跟祖母的一样好。
就是他的这个想法造成了一系列的麻烦。
如果占有欲总是比竞争欲强烈，那么世界会比现在列充满幸福。
但事实上，许多人只要保证把他们的竞争对手彻底击败宁肯面对贫穷，于是就出现了目前的税制。
motive of immense potency. Anyone who has much to do with children knows how they are constantly performing some antic and saying Look at me Look at me is one of the most fundamental desires of the human heart. It can take innumerable was a Renaissance Italian princeling who was asked by the priest on his deathbed if he had anything to repent of Yes,he said There is one thing.On one occasion I had a visit from the Emperor and the Pope simultaneously .I too tem to the top of my tower to see the view ,and I neglected the opportunity to throw them both down .which would have given me immortal fame. history does not relate whether the priest gave him absolution. One of the troubles about vanity is that it grows with what it feeds on .The talked about. The condemned murderer who is allowed to see the account of his trial in the Press is indignant if he finds a newspaper which has reported it inadequately. And the more he finds about himself in other newspapers ,the more indignant he will be with those whose reports are meager. Politicians and literary men are in the same case. And the more famous they become,the more difficult the press cutting agency finds it to satisfy them .It is scarcely possible to exaggerate the influence of vanity throughout the range of human life, from the child of three to the potentate at whose frown the world trembles. Mankind have even committed the impiety of attributing similar desires to the deity ,whom they imaging avid for continual praise.虚荣心是个有巨大潜力的动机。
与孩子们打交道的人都知道，孩子们是如何一边做了一些滑稽动作，一边说着看我。
看我是人心中最基本的欲望，它以不同的形式出现，从讲粗俗的笑话到追求死后的声望形式各异。
有一位文艺复兴时期的意大利王公，临终前牧师问他是否有什么需要忏悔的，他说是的，有一年事。
有一天皇上和教皇同时到我这里来参观，我领他们登上塔顶观景，我没有利用这个把他俩仍下去的机会，如果我那样做了，一定会获得不朽的声望。
历史没有告诉我们那位牧师是否给这个王公免了罪。
虚荣心的问题之一是随着鼓励的增加而增加，越是被别人谈论，越希望被别人谈论。
让判了刑的杀人犯阅读一下报上登载的审判他的报告，如果他发现哪家报纸没作充足的报导，他会十分气愤的。
报纸报导他的越多，对那些报导他少的报纸他感到气愤。
政治家和文人就是这样。
他们越出名，剪报机构觉得越难满足他们。
在人类生活阶段，从三岁幼童到皱一皱眉世界就得抖一抖的君主，要夸大虚荣心的影响不太可能，人类犯了个大不敬的错误，认为神灵敢有同样的欲望，想象神灵也渴望得到不断的歌颂。
But great as is the influence of the motives we have been considering, there is one which out weighs these all……Power, like vanity, is insatiable,Nothing short of omnipotence could satisfy it completely.And as it is especially the vice of energetic men, the casual efficacy of love of power is out of all proportion to its frequency. It is ,indeed, by far the strongest motive in the lives of important men .Love of power is greatly increased by the experience of power ,and this applies to petty power as well as to that of potentates ,In the happy days before 1914,when well-to -do ladies could acquire a host of servants, their pleasure in exercising power over the domestics steadily increased with age .Similarly, in any autocratic regime, the holders of power become increasingly, tyrannical with experience of the delights that power can afford. Since power over human beings is shown in making them do what they would rather not do, the man who is actuated by love of power is more apt to inflict pain than to permit pleasure .If you ask your boss for leave lf absence from the office on some legitimate occasion, his love of power will derive more satisfaction from refusal than from consent .If you require a building permit ,the petty official concerned will obviously get more pleasure from saying No than from saying Yes.It is this sort of thing which makes the love of power such a dangerous motive ,But it has other sides which are more desirable .The pursuit of knowledge is ,I think ,mainly actuated by love lf power ,And so are all advances in scientific technique ,In politics also ,a reformer may have just as strong a love of power as a despot .It would be a complete mistake to decry love of power altogether as a motive ,Whether you will be led by this motive to actions which are useful ,or to actions which are pernicious ,depends upon the social system ,and upon your capacities .虽然我们谈到的动机影响很大，但权力欲的影响更大。
如同虚荣心，权力欲也无法得到满足。
简直可以这样说；只有无限权力才能使它满足。
由于精力充沛的人特别容易染上这一恶习，权力欲的偶然被实现与人们希望得到权力的欲望不成比例。
的确，重要人物生活中最强烈的动机就是权力欲，体验到权力后便增加了人的权力欲，无论是小小的芝麻官还是至尊的当权者都是如此，在1914年以前那段幸福的日子里，家境富裕的太太们能雇用一帮仆人，行使权力的快乐与年龄俱增。
同样，在任何独裁社会制度里，当掌权者享受到权力给他带来的快乐后，他变得更加专横拔扈了。
由于对人的权力表现在能迫使人去做他不愿意做的事情上，那么受权力欲影响的人往往易于给人造成痛苦而让人快乐。
如果你有正当理由向上司请假不上班，拒绝比同意更能满足他的权力欲。
如果你申请建一座楼房，很显然，说不行比说行更能使那个小负责人得到快乐。
就是这类事情使权力欲变成了一个危险的动机。
权力欲也有它符合需要的方面。
我认为：寻求知识主要受权力欲的影响，科学技术的进步也受它的影响，在政治方面，改革者可能和暴君有同样强的权力欲。
把权力欲完全当成一个动机是十分错误的，这个动机是引导你去做有益的事情还是去做有害的事情，取决于社会制度，取决于你的能力。
I come now to other motives which ,though in a sense less fundamental than those we have been considering ,are still of considerable importuned ,The first of these is love of excitement .Human beings show their superiority to the brutes by their capacity for boredom ,though I have sometimes thought ,in Examining the apes at the Zoo. that they ,perhaps ,have the rudiments of this tiresome emotion .However that may be,experience shows that escape from boredom is one of the really powerful desires of almost all human beings 现在我们来看一看其他动机。
虽然从某种意义上讲它们比不上我们谈过的动机那样重要，但仍具有相当的重要性。
其一是寻求刺激。
人在感受厌烦方面表现得优于牲畜，但当我观察动物园里的猿时，有时我也想猿可能也有厌倦情感的萌芽吧。
无论怎样，实验证明摆脱厌倦几乎是所有人的强烈愿望之一。
When white men first effect contact with some unspoilt race of savages, they offer them all kinds of benefits , from the light of the Gospel to pumpkin pie. These , however ,much as we may regret it ,most savages receive with indifference. What they really value among the gifts that we bring to them is intoxicating liquor ,which enables them .for the first time in their lives ,to have the illusion, for a few brief moments ,that it is better to be alive than dead.当白人开始与某个未受破坏的野蛮民族接触时，他们从送基督教福音书到送南瓜馅饼，主动给野人各种好处。
虽然我们可能表示遗憾，然而许多野人却冷冷地接受这一切。
在我们带去的这些礼物中野人真正看重的是那令人陶醉的酒，酒使他们有生以来第一次产生了片刻的幻觉，觉得活着比死了强。
Red Indians ,while they were still unaffected by white men ,would smoke their pipes .not calmly as we do ,but orgiastically ,in haling so deeply that they sank into a faint ,And when excitement by means of nicotine failed ,a patriotic orator would stir them up to attack a neighbouring tribe ,which would give them all the enjoyment that we (according to our temperament ) derive from a horse race of a Genral Election.红种印第安人，当他们还未受到白人影响时，不像我们平静地吸烟斗，而是发狂地猛吸直至隐入昏厥。
当尼古丁的刺激不起作家时，一位爱国演说者就煽动他们去攻击邻近的一个部落，这样会使他们获得我们（根据我们的不同性格）看赛马或参加大选所得到的一切乐趣。
With civilized men ,as with primitive Red Indian tribes ,it is ,I think ,chiefly love of excitement which makes the populace applaud when war breaks out ;the emotion is exactly the same as at a football match ,although the results are sometimes somewhat more serious.我认为：和原始红种印第安部落一样，当战争爆发时，文明人出于寻求刺激而鼓掌欢呼，那种情绪和观看一切足球比赛时的情绪一模一样，虽然有时结果有些严重?
请教罗素的一句名言的出处对爱情的渴望，对知识的追求
1.爱是美德子。
—— 但丁2.爱能够创造一—— 佚 名3.爱是理解的。
—— 尔4.感谢是爱心的第一步。
—— 西谚5.人间如果没有爱,太阳也会灭。
—— 雨果6.人生如花,而爱便是花的蜜。
—— 莎士比亚7.完成工作的方法是爱惜每一分钟。
—— 达尔文<8.爱情使人心的憧憬升华到至善之境。
—— 但 丁9.我是幸福的，因为我爱，因为我有爱。
——白朗宁10.爱之花开放的地方，生命便能欣欣向荣。
—— 梵高11.真诚的爱情的结合是一切结合中最纯洁的。
—— 卢梭12.爱是生命的火焰, 没有它, 一切变成黑夜。
—— 罗兰13.将爱情当作理想的人，不会有真正的理想。
—— 佚 名14.爱叫懦夫变得大胆,却叫勇士变成懦夫。
—— 莎士比亚15.爱就是充实了的生命,正如盛满了酒的酒杯。
—— 泰戈尔16.爱情是一位伟大的导师, 教我们重新做人。
—— 莫里哀17.金钱搅在爱情一块儿， 不是太丑恶了吗
—— 巴尔扎克18.心灵不在它生活的地方，但在它所爱的地方。
——英国谚语19.爱是生命的火焰, 没有它, 一切变成黑夜。
—— 罗曼. 罗兰20.为着品德而去眷恋一个情人， 总是一件很美的事。
—— 柏拉图21.爱情是发生在两个人之间的一种共同的经验。
——卡森·麦卡勒斯22.爱如果为利己而爱， 这个爱就不是真爱， 而是一种欲。
—— 爱德门23.爱情原如树叶一样，在人忽视里绿了，在忍耐里露出蓓蕾。
——何其芳24.爱整个人类可能是一件易事；认真地去爱上一个人却很难。
—— 谚 语25.人只有在恋爱里才能显示个性的闪耀, 才能发挥独创性。
—— 屠格涅夫26.友谊要像爱情一样才温暖人心，爱情要像友谊一样才牢不可破。
—— 穆尔27.只有驱遣人以高尚的方式相爱的那种爱神才是美， 才值得颂扬。
—— 柏拉图28.爱是苛求的，因为苛求而短暂。
友谊是宽容的，因为宽容而长久。
—— 周国平29.你们之间存在着这种问题，那你要先问问自己，是否真正在爱才好。
—— 罗兰30.几十年的经验使我懂得，多想到别人，少想到自己，便可以少犯错误。
—— 巴金31.爱情的欢乐虽然是甜美无比，但只有在光荣与美德存在的地方才能生存。
——古尔内尔32.了解爱情的人往往会因为爱情的升华而坚强了他们向上的意志和进取的精神。
—— 培根33.爱情是两个亲密的灵魂在生活及忠实,善良, 美丽事物方面的和谐与默契。
—— 别林斯基34.爱情就等于……生活, 而生活……是一种责任, 义务, 因此爱情是一种责任。
—— 冈察洛夫35.对于我来说，生命的意义在于设身处地替人着想，忧他人之忧，乐他人之乐。
—— 爱因斯坦36.爱是不会老的，它留着的是永恒的火焰与不灭的光辉，世界的存在，就以它为养料。
—— 左拉37.作为一个人，对父母要尊敬，对子女要慈爱，对穷亲戚要慷慨，对一切人要有礼貌。
—— 罗素38.爱是戴着眼镜看东西,会把黄铜看成金子,贫穷看成富有,眼睛里的斑点看成珍珠。
—— 法 萨尔丹39.爱, 可以创造奇迹. 乔迈 被摧毁的爱, 一旦重新修建好, 就比原来更宏伟, 更美, 更顽强。
—— 莎士比亚40.友谊与爱情一样，只有生活在能够与之自然相处，无需做作和谎言的朋友中间，你才会感到愉快。
—— 莫洛亚41.你可以疑心星星是火把；你可以疑心太阳会移转；你可以疑心真理是慌话；可是我的爱永没有改变。
—— 佚 名42.没有一种服装比爱更合身；没有一种装饰比爱更迷人。
有人说无美就无爱，实际正相反：无爱才无美。
——佚 名43.爱是纯洁的， 爱的内容里， 不能有一点渣滓； 爱是至善至诚的，爱的范围里， 不能有丝毫私欲。
—— 莎公爵夫人44.爱情之中高尚的成分不亚于温柔的成分，使人向上的力量不亚于使人萎靡的力量，有时还能激发别的美德。
——伏尔泰 45.慈悲不是出于勉强，它是像甘露一样从天上降下尘世；它不但给幸福于受施的人，也同样给幸福于施与的人。
—— 莎士比亚46.没有太阳，花朵不会开放；没有爱便没有幸福；没有妇女也就没有爱，没有母亲，既不会有诗人，也不会有英雄。
—— 高尔基47.如果一个人没有能力帮助他所爱的人，最好不要随便谈什么爱与不爱。
当然，帮助不等于爱情，但爱情不能不包括帮助。
—— 鲁迅48.爱别人, 也被别人爱, 这就是一切, 这就是宇宙的法则. 为了爱, 我们才存在. 有爱慰籍的人, 无惧于任何事物, 任何人。
—— 彭沙尔49.如果你爱一个人，先要使自己现在或将来百分之百的值得他爱，至于他爱不爱你，那是他的事，你可以如此希望，但不必勉强去追求。
—— 罗兰50.爱情是叹息吹起的一阵烟; 恋人的眼中有它净化了的火星;恋人的眼泪是它激起的波涛. 它又是最智慧的疯狂, 哽喉的苦味, 沁舌的蜜糖。
—— 莎士比亚 51.父子兄弟间相爱，本出于天性，而要讲究利害，就失去了家庭的温暖。
夫妇结合，本出于情爱，而要以经济为条件，就失去了相爱的本意。
—— 苏格拉底52.有了真诚，才会有虚心，有了虚心，才肯丢开自己去了解别人，也才能放下虚伪的自尊心去了解自己。
建筑在了解自己了解别人上面的爱，才不是盲目的爱。
—— 傅雷53.爱是火热的友情，沉静的了解，相互信任，共同享受和彼此原谅。
爱是不受时间、空间、条件、环境影响的忠实。
爱是人们之间取长补短和承认对方的弱点。
—— 安恩·拉德斯54.那种用美好的感情和思想使我们升华并赋予我们力量的爱情，才能算是一种高尚的热情；而使我们自私自利，胆小怯弱，使我们流于盲目本能的下流行为的爱情，应该算是一种邪恶的热情。
—— 乔治·桑55.爱是绝对没有模式和规律的，爱也是不可能说清楚的。
说得清楚的即不是爱，而只是一种利益的结合。
我从来不相信门当户对的婚姻会幸福，更不相信年龄匹配，学识相似，男才女貌的姻缘会幸福。
爱应该象一泓清馨的甘水。
—— 卢森望采纳
