《瓦尔登湖》经典的
梭罗没有像李固《遗黄琼书》中指斥的以处士之名“纯盗虚声”，也没有像孔稚圭的《北山移文》那样壮怀激烈地谴责不再隐居的人。他注重的是生活得自由，而不是执着于某一种特定的生活方式。 他不是那种不食人间烟火的隐士，他来到湖畔居住了两年零两个月余两天，然后告别——“到时候了，可以走了。”一句“可以走了”，将自始至终的湖畔生活完整地联结成一个完满的结局——如此简单，而没有造作和伪饰，也没有对生活的消极和疲倦。
结庐而居于辟野，似是在呼应大自然的召唤，寻找内心深处的自留地，以及一种理想化的生活状态。 在这两年多时间里，梭罗离群索居，基本上与外界隔绝。他自己劳作耕种，不与外界发生任何关系，他从不纳税，拒绝任何政府行为。除了必须的比如农事和砍柴，他的剩余时间就用来观察自然，思考问题。两年后，他终于又回到了文明世界。然后把在大自然里采撷的诗篇，化成至纯至清的泉水，流淌到只有灵魂才能触及的深处。
前些日子去探访了阳山脚下的拾房书院，它掩映在桃花从中，安详自珍。真正的平静，不是避开车马喧嚣，而是在心中修篱种菊。闭门即是深山。无论是桃花源或是瓦尔登湖，也许只是寻找它来盛放一颗渴望孤静充盈的心。
《瓦尔登湖》经典的读书笔记2
梭罗的独居并不让他感到孤独难耐，除了思考这件事让他忙碌外，还在于他钟情自然的程度近乎狂热。
他的超验主义哲学在他对自然的崇拜和热爱中体现的淋漓尽致。他认为人们一辈子为了多余的财富和贪婪的物欲去工作是愚蠢的，是对造物主的亵渎，他希望人们卸下身上无谓的负累，去尽情享受自然，于是他发出这样的呼喊：“去钓鱼打猎吧，尽管去更远的地方，趁着年轻，你要纪念你的造物主、尽管无忧无虑地在黎明苏醒，踏上探险的征途。尽情享受大地吧，但别占有。
世人往往缺少冒险精神和信仰，所以他们忙于买卖经营，过着奴隶般的日子。”我常常惊异于梭罗描绘自然的能力，语言精妙绝伦，却毫无矫揉造作的嫌疑，字字句句都让人被他对自然发出的由衷赞叹吸引，并有种立刻不带分文，不携行囊地向自然狂奔的冲动。一抹晨光可以让他倾情讴歌欧若拉女神，一滴露珠可以让他看到青草的真情，他可以煞有介事地拿着放大镜匍匐在草地上当一场蚁群搏斗的热忱的看客，为其中受伤的败将扼腕，并致像悼念英雄一样致以敬意。
他这样去描述一条狗鱼在湖面捕获一只虫子：“有条狗鱼虽然只是在不是湖面上的一只虫子，却很明显打破了整个湖的安宁，于是这个简单的'事实，这起水族界的谋杀案，就如此被精美得让人称奇的波纹公之于众。”雨后的彩虹让他兴奋地感叹自己仿佛是上帝的选民。自然的四季每一季在他眼里都有看不完享不尽的风景，他卓尔不群的独立人格让他在俗世是孤独的智者，是逾越规矩的浪子，而如果回归自然，他更像是大自然里最安分宁静的公民。
《瓦尔登湖》经典的读书笔记3
《瓦尔登湖》中没有叙述什么波澜壮阔、曲折离奇的情节。罗梭用朴实而又富含哲理的语言向我们叙说他在瓦尔登湖的生活故事，书中有许多篇幅是关于动物和植物的观察记录。他在这里花费了大量的时间和精力观察鸟类、动物、花草和树木的变化。
刚开始读时，这些故事情节让我感觉很枯燥繁复，看了几页我就萌发放弃的念头。正如徐迟先生在《序言》中所说：“《瓦尔登湖》是一本寂寞的书，是一本孤独的书。他只是一本一个人的书。”当我静心下来的时候，我再次拿起这本书，去读这神的思想！
他静静的卸载城市的喧嚣，用心写下孤独。他思考人生，让我的心如净水般澄澈。他让我感到敬畏，他的生活是如此的简单而又芳香扑鼻，虽然短暂而又意蕴深远。他的精神世界绚烂多彩，而且是精妙绝伦，世上这样的智者怕是只有些许吧。
如果你有时间，不妨也读读《瓦尔登湖》这本静静的书，走近那些伟大的心灵，聆听智者睿智的语言，不仅让你提高自我认识，多识大自然鸟兽草木之名，而且会给你带来意想不到的感受，采集到生命的美果，从而获得一种简单、独立、大度和充满信任的生活，不断走向更高的生命境界。
《瓦尔登湖》经典的读书笔记4
梭罗是现实的，瓦尔登湖也不是一个理想国。看完这本书也许这样的概括最能体现我的感受了。梭罗追求的是自己的生活“每条道路都是命运之路，唯独你自己的不是，既然如此请继续走你自己的路吧”他之所以来了然后有又离开其原因用他的话说“或许是因为我认为还有好几种生活等着我去体验，而且无法匀出更多的时间给那一种生活”梭罗是有信仰的，信仰应该是每个人都有的，正如电影《等风来》上的那句话：“人活着，总得信点什么”但不幸的是现在我们很多人都已不知自己还有什么信仰。终于明白了为什梭罗把那个“总是颂扬上帝，贬低烦人，反正他的头脑里只有这些崇高的思想”的哲学家视为贵客了。
湖是风景中最美丽，最富于表情的姿容，它是大地的眼睛，观看它的人也可衡量自身天性的深度。瓦尔登湖在梭罗眼中并不仅仅是一个湖，而是一个充满着性情的湖，是一个心灵的归所。其实我们每一个人都可能有一块真正属于自己的地方，这块地方可能并不是我们现在正在匍匐的地方，但并不是每个人都会出发去寻找它，它不仅是我们身体的栖所，也是我们心灵的故乡，精神的家园;它给我们活力，给我们灵感，给我们安宁，更是给了我们信仰，我们可能终老于此，也可能离开它，即使离开，我们也会像安泰需要大地一样时常需要它。
写的无拘无束，没有一点迂腐和胭脂气，为必要表达什么看法，只传达一种温馨的氛围。梭罗用质朴的声音，欢快自信的语调告诫我们，一亿人当中才能有一个人生活的诗意而神圣。
《瓦尔登湖》经典的读书笔记5
记得曾经有人对我说：当我身在顾虑和追逐过多的东西而感到不堪重负、不知所措的情境，去感受梭罗便是能让我解脱并接受心灵洗礼的最佳方式。在读完《瓦尔登湖》后，我的心仿佛也成为了一潭宁静而深邃的湖，耳畔有海德格尔在说“人，当诗意地栖居”。 并纯粹地因深陷梭罗的世界而沉迷：他，始终聆听着自然的声音。始终穿梭于行行亲身耕作的豆田，耐心地松土、施肥;始终光着脚投入地细数瓦尔登湖畔第一片落叶的脉络;始终戴着草帽爬到树上去找老鹰或松鼠的窝;时常夹着旧乐谱来采集植物标本而乐此不疲;时常顶着最灿烂的星空，静静观察、深深呼吸、沉沉思考… …
而他从来没有受过职业培训，从未婚配，孤独一生，他不去教堂，不参加选举，不吃肉，不喝酒，不知晓香烟的作用。他改良的铅笔完全有希望申请专利，朋友们盛赞他已打开了财富之门，他却说以后再也不做铅笔了;作为哈佛大学的高材生和爱默生的得意弟子，他本可以成为美国工程师的领袖，而他却更愿意做一位不顾一切与天合一的草民，一位大自然的艺术家。这也正如爱默生所说：“他不肯为了任何狭窄的手艺或者职业放弃他在学问和行动上的抱负，他寻求的是一种更广阔的行业，一种生活的艺术。”
不去讨论如果他是个积极的入世者是否能给世界带来更多的物质财富，因为他只是选择了他喜欢的生活方式，选择了成全作为一个人的完整性，并在这过程中将永远宁静的瓦尔登湖化作了最纯净的眸子，带领我们去探索和发现生命与生活全新的可能。
《瓦尔登湖》经典的读书笔记6
梭罗对生活的理解是在与自然的相处中得到升华的。“亲近自然就是亲近自己心灵，远离自然也就是远离了自己心灵。”书中如此说道。这与中国古老传统文化中人们对自然的崇拜异曲同工。热爱生活的人必然是热爱自然的，自然是一切生命的源头，探求生活的本质离不开对自然的感悟。
《瓦尔登湖》中蕴含了一些东方色彩，在对湖畔生活和思想的一点一滴描写中，我感受到了庄子的天人合一的思想，即自然界与人的精神相统一。只有完全抛弃尘世的杂念，与自然融为一体，心灵方能找到归宿。
瓦尔登湖畔的生活是朴素而又简单的，而透过生活与现实，他所联想和展示的思想却如禅宗一般深邃。梭罗信仰宇宙规律中的永恒，他从钓鱼之中质疑人本能的存在与否;他从冬日狐狸的声音中思索是否禽兽与人类一样拥有文明……
当身边一切的平凡成为经典时，我想，我只能仰望。
正如佛曰，一花一世界。细微的东西，用心灵才能看清。
学会观察，试着像梭罗一样的思索，时刻保持一颗对世界的好奇心，平凡便成为伟大，浅显便成为深刻，稍纵即逝的思绪便成为永恒的哲理。
读《瓦尔登湖》有感400字1
选择自己真正想要的生活，这是梭罗给我的启示。
生活方式就好比是一双鞋子，是否合脚，只有自己知道。如果鞋子尺寸不对，就应该毫不犹豫地换下来;如果鞋子里渗进了沙子，就应该及时抖落。否则，外观再精致漂亮，它也不能伴随你顺利地走完长长的充满未知的旅途。
当我们为生活的种.种而茫然的时候，解脱自己吧!像梭罗一样，去亲近自然，从而回归自我，奇妙的大自然会给我们无穷的安慰和启示，让我们稍作停留，继而更好地前进。当我们为自己各种各样的需求苦苦追逐而不可得感到痛苦的时候，为自己减负吧!像梭罗一样，过滤掉自己过多的贪念，收获简单的快乐和幸福。像梭罗一样，果断地进行尝试，不去在意他人的误解，纵使避免不了艰辛和困苦，至少能获得自我心灵的慰藉，活出生命的本色。
一个人，一片湖，一座木屋，一程坚守，创造了一个不可复制的精神世界的传奇。我们或许不能够像梭罗一样将生命的诗意与浪漫发挥到极致，却可以在行色匆匆中始终秉持这样的信念：选择自己喜欢的生活方式，然后执着而心无旁骛地在这条路上且行且歌地走下去。
读《瓦尔登湖》有感400字2
“一个湖是风景中最美、最有表情的姿容。它是大地的眼睛;望着它的人可以测出他自己的天性的深浅……”是的，《瓦尔登湖就是这样一部超验主义美文的代表。
为了驱散生活中的阴影，梭罗来到瓦登湖。他以四季轮回的方式布局成篇，用完整的形式结构突出刻画了主人公的形象。在季节的变化中体验人生、体验理想、体验未来，从表现唱着夜曲的鸟雀与动物鸣叫的《声》到体验收获喜悦的《种豆》;从“躺在冰上看梭鱼”的《冬天的湖》到“很像混沌初开，宇宙创始，黄金时代的再现”的《春天的来临》，他找到了追寻已久的绿色和自己的人生坐标。
读着这本书我拥有了一份寂寞而恬淡的心境，完全融入进了这样一个现实与理想完美结合的世界。梭罗并不是刻竟要过一种消极遁世的隐士生活，而只是进行着人生实验——简化生活、回归自然。目的呢，是为了更好地去运用生命热爱人生。在这片优美的环境中，他的理想上的迷雾不知不觉地消散了，他的心也有了可以依托的地方。避开城市的喧嚣，独自深入林中，与鸟兽为邻，听蟋蟀弹唱。这一抹绿色，为梭罗疲倦的灵犀送上了温暖的怀抱;这一抹绿色，让都市的纷繁渐渐远离了梭罗的脑海;这一抹绿色，使梭罗更加迷恋自然，热爱生命。
这样一部成功的作品是离不开瓦尔登湖那幽静秀丽的景致的。换句话说，是瓦尔登湖的美让梭罗找到了心中的绿色。可是现在充斥在我们周围的只有金属的坚与冷。日益膨胀的城市，马达隆隆替代了蛙声蝉鸣;当钢筋混凝土的建筑拔地而起时，这里也许不会再有绿色的“共和国”。不由地联想起余光中的散文《伐桂的前夕》，他说“在现代，只能感受月桂树最后的一缕芬芳……”如果人们不懂得保护环境，那么当他们试图从身边寻找精神的伊甸园来舒缓情绪时，看到的也评只有最后一抹绿色了。梭罗是幸运的，因为随着社会的不断发展直至今日，“瓦尔登湖又有多少呢?”
但令人高兴的是，随着上海世博的临近，这个问题越来越受政府和市民的重视，尽管高楼大厦鳞次栉比，但与此同时城市的绿化面积也在不断扩大。在我看来，世博会的举办至多只是催化剂，最重要的是环保的理念其实已经深入人心。在香港澳门的大街小巷看不到果皮纸屑;新加坡通过加强惩治力度也让这个国家拥有了“花园”的美丽……毕竟，有谁不向往生机盎然的大自然呢?或许，我们再也回不到梭罗的时代，再也找不出与瓦尔登湖一样的美景了;但只有努力，我想我们依然可以拥有纯净的蓝天。
“这像是玻璃的溶液，已经冷却，但是还没有凝结，而其中连少数尘垢也还是纯结而美丽的……”，多么迷人的景致啊!虽然生命中总有一些无法挽回的东西，但只要保持一份绿色的心灵，那么依旧可以与梭罗一起享受“瓦尔登湖”之美。
读《瓦尔登湖》有感400字3
一本好书就如同一杯香茶，在冥冥之中给你带来心里的喜悦，以及精神的解忧!一本好书也如同一架天桥将丽和成功之路联系在一起，更好更便捷的通向你理想的目的地，一本好书更如同一位尊师一位益友，带你在人生的路上心走得更顺畅，在带你在人生的路上为你指明缺点，照亮未来，照亮那通往成功的路!
我最喜欢的一本书便是梭罗写的瓦尔登湖了，这本书虽然听起来并没有什么太新奇特的地方，不像中国的那些科幻小说，比如三体一般名字就恢弘大气，其实这段代表了一种梭罗的人生观，在平凡之中也可以用聚美，在平凡之中也可以创造不平凡的未来。
端详书的封面，便感受到了一种宁静和自然的田园之美，那书中，描写的不正是这样一种意境吗?错了!书中描写不纯粹是作者自然以及田园生活的写照，更是他的一种思想境界，一种对理想人生的追求，以及对混过社会的不满，这本书的封面上画着夜孤舟，孤舟上坐着一位老翁，在四周，鲜美的桃花源里，他正品尝着这一棵棵桃子，也看着这一朵朵绚丽的/桃花，仿若在天地之间，只剩孤舟蓑笠翁一般，独钓寒江雪错了，应该是独钓着桂花一般美好的景致吧!
瓦尔登湖这本书中也孕育了许多人生的哲理，比如作者说，真正的美并不是索取，而是付出，因为付出的美更是你感受到了这美是来之不易的，美是可以相互转化的，美并不是丑儿丑也有可能转化成美，因为丑的物体它执行的是外表丑，而他的心灵，这些人是看不到的，只有慢慢的品味，慢慢的体味，才能真正感受到她那一颗纯洁而高傲的心灵。
细细的品读瓦尔登湖，也会感觉世界变静了，周围变静了，一切一切都变得安静了起来，仿佛是夜里你在沉思，人生在短暂品尝，乡民一再端详那一颗星星，微火在，点点的草原上，迸发出!虽然为不起眼，但足以引起人，对于来深思考和启迪的，一点点，火光。
慢慢的合上书，闭眼，满满是哪娃儿?灯湖，的`景色以及梭罗头脑中，那深邃的却又富有哲理的语句，这就像一盏明灯，虽然，他没有多么高贵，多么豪华，却能成为，你人生道路上一个重要的指明灯!
读《瓦尔登湖》有感400字4
记得曾经有人对我说：当我身在顾虑和追逐过多的东西而感到不堪重负、不知所措的情境，去感受梭罗便是能让我解脱并接受心灵洗礼的最佳方式。在读完《瓦尔登湖》后，我的心仿佛也成为了一潭宁静而深邃的湖，耳畔有海德格尔在说“人，当诗意地栖居”。并纯粹地因深陷梭罗的世界而沉迷：他，始终聆听着自然的声音。始终穿梭于行行亲身耕作的豆田，耐心地松土、施肥;始终光着脚投入地细数瓦尔登湖畔第一片落叶的脉络;始终戴着草帽爬到树上去找老鹰或松鼠的窝;时常夹着旧乐谱来采集植物标本而乐此不疲;时常顶着最灿烂的星空，静静观察、深深呼吸、沉沉思考… …
而他从来没有受过职业培训，从未婚配，孤独一生，他不去教堂，不参加选举，不吃肉，不喝酒，不知晓香烟的作用。他改良的铅笔完全有希望申请专利，朋友们盛赞他已打开了财富之门，他却说以后再也不做铅笔了;作为哈佛大学的高材生和爱默生的得意弟子，他本可以成为美国工程师的领袖，而他却更愿意做一位不顾一切与天合一的草民，一位大自然的艺术家。这也正如爱默生所说：“他不肯为了任何狭窄的手艺或者职业放弃他在学问和行动上的抱负，他寻求的是一种更广阔的行业，一种生活的艺术。”
不去讨论如果他是个积极的入世者是否能给世界带来更多的物质财富，因为他只是选择了他喜欢的生活方式，选择了成全作为一个人的完整性，并在这过程中将永远宁静的瓦尔登湖化作了最纯净的眸子，带领我们去探索和发现生命与生活全新的可能。
读《瓦尔登湖》有感400字5
梭罗没有像李固《遗黄琼书》中指斥的以处士之名“纯盗虚声”，也没有像孔稚圭的《北山移文》那样壮怀激烈地谴责不再隐居的人。他注重的是生活得自由，而不是执着于某一种特定的生活方式。 他不是那种不食人间烟火的隐士，他来到湖畔居住了两年零两个月余两天，然后告别——“到时候了，可以走了。”一句“可以走了”，将自始至终的湖畔生活完整地联结成一个完满的结局——如此简单，而没有造作和伪饰，也没有对生活的消极和疲倦。
结庐而居于辟野，似是在呼应大自然的召唤，寻找内心深处的自留地，以及一种理想化的生活状态。在这两年多时间里，梭罗离群索居，基本上与外界隔绝。他自己劳作耕种，不与外界发生任何关系，他从不纳税，拒绝任何政府行为。除了必须的比如农事和砍柴，他的剩余时间就用来观察自然，思考问题。两年后，他终于又回到了文明世界。然后把在大自然里采撷的诗篇，化成至纯至清的泉水，流淌到只有灵魂才能触及的深处。
前些日子去探访了阳山脚下的拾房书院，它掩映在桃花从中，安详自珍。真正的平静，不是避开车马喧嚣，而是在心中修篱种菊。闭门即是深山。无论是桃花源或是瓦尔登湖，也许只是寻找它来盛放一颗渴望孤静充盈的心。
20xx年英美文学试题
20xx年英美文学试题
PART ONE (40 POINTS)
I. Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)
Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your choice on the answer sheet.
1.The most significant idea of the Renaissance is（ ）.
A. humanism B. realism C. naturalism D. skepticism
2.Shakespeare’s tragedies include all the following except（ ）.
A. Hamlet and King Lear B. Antony and Cleopatra and Macbeth
C. Julius Caesar and Othello D. The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night’s Dream
3.The statement “Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability”opens one of well-known essays by
A. Francis Bacon B. Samuel Johnson C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift
4.In Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent（ ）touch in his description of the simple though primitive rural life.
A. nostalgic B. humorous C. romantic D. ironic
5.Backbite, Sneerwell, and Lady Teazle are characters in the play The School for Scandal by（ ）.
A. Christopher Marlowe B. Ben Jonson C. Richard Brinsley Sheridan D. George Bernard Shaw
6.Of all the 18th century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a“（ ）in prose,”the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
A. tragic epic B. comic epic C. romance D. lyric epic
7.In his poem “Tyger, Tyger,”William Blake expresses his perception of the“fearful symmetry”of the big cat. The phrase“fearful symmetry”suggests（ ）.
A. the tiger’s two eyes which are dazzlingly bright and symmetrically set B. the poet’s fear of the predator
C. the analogy of the hammer and the anvil D. the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God’s creation
8.“What is his name?”
“Bingley.”
“Is he married or single?”
“Oh! Single, my dear, to be sure! A single man of large fortune; four or five thousand a year. What a fine thing for our girls!”
The above dialogue must be taken from（ ）.
A. Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice B. Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights
C. John Galsworthy’s The Forsyte Saga D. George Eliot’s Middlemarch
9.The short story“Araby”is one of the stories in James Joyce’s collection（ ）.
A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man B. Ulysses C. Finnegans Wake D. Dubliners
10.William Wordsworth, a romantic poet, advocated all the following except（ ）.
A. the using of everyday language spoken by the common people
B. the expression of the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings
C. the humble and rustic life as subject matter
D. elegant wording and inflated figures of speech
11.Here are two lines taken from The Merchant of Venice:“Not on thy sole, but on thy soul, harsh Jew/Thou mak’st thy knife keen.”What kind of figurative device is used in the above lines?
（ ） A. Simile. B. Metonymy. C. Pun. D. Synecdoche.
12.“If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”is an epigrammatic line by（ ）.
A. J. Keats B. W. Blake C. W. Wordsworth D. P. B. Shelley
13.The poems such as“The Chimney Sweeper”are found in both Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience by
A. William Wordsworth B. William Blake C. John Keats D. Lord Gordon Byron
14.John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress is often regarded as a typical example of（ ）.
A. allegory B. romance C. epic in prose D. fable
15.Alexander Pope strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing that literary works should be judged by（ ）rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.
A. classical B. romantic C. sentimental D. allegorical
16.In his essay“Of Studies,”Bacon said:“Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and（ ）.”
A. skimmed B. perfected C. imitated D. digested
17.“For I have known them all already, known them all—/Have known the evenings, mornings, afternoons,/I have measured out my life with coffee spoons.”The above lines are taken from（ ）.
A. Wordsworth’s “The Solitary Reaper” B. Eliot’s“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”
C. Coleridge’s“Kubla Khan” D. Yeats’s“The Lake Isle of Innisfree”
18.(The)（ ）was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.
A. Romanticism B. Humanism
C. Enlightenment D. Sentimentalism 19.A typical Forsyte, according to John Galsworthy, is a man with a strong sense of（ ）, who never pays any attention to human feelings.
A. morality B. justice C. property D. humor
20.The typical feature of Robert Browning’s poetry is the （ ）.
A. bitter satire B. larger-than-life caricature C. Latinized diction D. dramatic monologue
21.George Bernard Shaw’s play, Mrs. Warren’s Profession is a grotesquely realistic exposure of the（ ）.
A. slum landlordism B. political corruption in England
C. economic oppression of women D. religious corruption in England
22.The story starting with the marriage of Paul’s parents Walter Morel and Mrs. Morel must be
A. Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles B. D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers
C. George Eliot’s Middlemarch D. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre
23.In American literature the first important writer who earned an international fame on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean is（ ）. A. Washington Irving B. Ralph Waldo Emerson C. Nathaniel Hawthorne D. Walt Whitman
24.The American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for his“black vision.”The term“black vision”refers to
A. Hawthorne’s observation that every man faces a black wall
B. Hawthorne’s belief that all men are by nature evil
C. that Hawthorne employed a dream vision to tell his story
D. that Puritans of Hawthorne’s time usually wore black clothes
25.Theodore Dreiser was once criticized for his（ ）in style, but as a true artist his strength just lies in that his style is very serious and well calculated to achieve the thematic ends he sought.
A. crudeness B. elegance C. conciseness D. subtlety
26.“He is the last of the romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment take him in search of his personal Grail; his failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American Dream.”The character referred to in the passage is most likely the protagonist of（ ）.
A. Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby B. Dreiser’s An American Tragedy
C. Hemingway’s For Whom the Bell Tolls D. Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
27.Almost all Faulkner’s heroes turned out to be tragic because（ ）.
A. all enjoyed living in the declining American South B. none of them was conditioned by the civilization and social institutions C. most of them were prisoners of the past D. none were successful in their attempt to explain the inexplicable
28.Yank, the protagonist of Eugene O’Neill’s play The Hairy Ape, talked to the gorilla and set it free because
A. he was mad, mistaking a beast for a human
B. he was told by the white young lady that he was like a beast and he wanted to see how closely he resembled the gorilla C. he was caged with the gorilla after he insulted an aristocratic stroller
D. he could feel the kinship only with the beast
29.In（ ）, Robert Frost compares life to a journey, and he is doubtful whether he will regret his choice or not when he is old, because the choice has made all the difference.
A. “After Apple-Picking” B. “The Road Not Taken” C. “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”
D. “Fire and Ice”
30.Though Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson were romantic poets in theme and technique, they differ from each other in a variety of ways. For one thing, whereas Whitman likes to keep his eye on human society at large, Dickinson often addresses such issues as（ ）, immortality, religion, love and nature.
A. progress B. freedom C. beauty D. death
31.The Romantic Writers would focus on all the following issues EXCEPT the（ ）in the American literary history. A. individual feeling B. survival of the fittest C. strong imagination D. return to nature
32.Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be（ ）.
A. transcendentalists B. optimists C. pessimists D. idealists
33.With Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the literary scene,（ ）became the major trend in American literature in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.
A. Sentimentalism B. Romanticism C. Realism D. Naturalism
34.American writers after World War I self-consciously acknowledged that they were(a)“（ ）,”devoid of faith and alienated from the Western civilization.
A. Lost Generation B. Beat Generation C. Sons of Liberty D. Angry Young Men
35.In（ ）, Washington Irving agrees with the protagonist on his preference of the past to the present, and of a dream-like world to the real world.
A. “Young Goodman Brown” B.“Rip Van Winkle” C. “Rappaccini’s Daughter” D.“Bartleby, the Scrivener”
36.Hester Prynne, Dimmesdale, Chillingworth and Pearl are most likely characters in（ ）.
A. The House of the Seven Gables B. The Scarlet Letter C. The Portrait of a Lady D. The Pioneers
37.Like Nathaniel Hawthorne,（ ）also manages to achieve the effect of ambiguity through symbolism and allegory in his narratives.
A. Mark Twain B. Henry James C. R. W. Emerson D. Herman Melville
38.In his realistic fiction, Henry James’s primary concern is to present the（ ）.
A. inner life of human beings B. American Civil War and its effects
C. life on the Mississippi River D. Calvinistic view of original sin
39.Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Mark Twain’s writing style?（ ）
A. Simple vernacular. B. Local color.
C. Lengthy psychological analyses. D. Richness of irony and humor.
40.Which of the following statements about E. Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner’s story“A Rose for Emily,”is NOT true?（ ）
A. She has a distorted personality. B. She is physically deformed and paralyzed.
C. She is the symbol of the old values of the South. D. She is the victim of the past glory.
PART TWO (60 POINTS)
Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 for each)
Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
41.“Words are like leaves; and where they most abound,
Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found”
Questions:
A. Identify the poem and the poet. B. What idea do the two lines express?
42.“To be so distinguished, is an honor, which, being very little accustomed to favors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge.”
Questions:
A. Identify the work and the author. B. What is the tone of author?
43.“‘Faith! Faith!’cried the husband. ‘Look up to Heaven, and resist the Wicked One.’”
Questions:
A. Identify the work and the author. B. What idea does the quoted sentence express?
44.“We passed the School, where Children strove
At Recess—in the Ring—
We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—
We passed the Setting Sun—”
Questions: A. Identify the poem and the poet.
B. What do“the School,” “the Fields”and“the Setting Sun”stand for respectively?
Ⅲ. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)
Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
45.As a rule, and allegory is a story in verse or prose with a double meaning: a surface meaning, and an implied meaning. List two works as examples of allegory. What is the implied meaning an allegory is usually concerned with?
46.“Let it not be supposed by the enemies of‘the system,’that during the period of his solitary incarceration, Oliver was denied the benefit of exercise, the pleasure of society, or the advantages of religious consolation.”
What do you think Charles Dickens intends to say in the above ironic statement taken from Oliver Twist?
47.Whitman has made radical changes in the form of poetry by choosing free verse as his medium of expression. What are the characteristics of Whitman’s free verse?
48.Some of Hemingway’s heroes are regarded as the Hemingway code heroes. Whatever the differences in experience and age, they all have something in common which Hemingway values. What are the characteristics of the Hemingway code hero?
Ⅳ. Topics for Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)
Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.
49.Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine in Pride and Prejudice, is often regarded as the most successful character created by Jane Austen. Make a brief comment on Elizabeth’s character.
50.Take Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as an example to illustrate the statement that Mark Twain was a unique writer in American literature.
温馨小贴士：正确对待考研英语
快考研了，对于英语作文的复习，大家比较常用的方法就是背模板，来听听一些阅卷老师的看法：
一、作文模板要背,但不要背太多。关键是要准!老师是人,当然知道大家都是模板,不会因为这个难为大家。模板不是错,也没有歧视,但你连摸版都背不准,都背错,那就是你的不对了.我发现很多同学上下句不连贯,但都很优美,可见是拼接的,按本人经验,模版一个就可以对付大多数,问题是你要会用,而不是背一堆,又不准,同时还自己拼,那怎么能行?
二、考场上除非万不得已不要抄上面卷面上的句子。本人第一天连续发现4张卷子句子相同。上报组长,雷同卷,差点按0分处理,后来还好又发现类似卷子,原来都是从翻译抄下来的,0分终于避免了,但8分以下是跑不了了,欺骗老师啊~~~~
三、要有发光点,注意你是在考研,你让老师看到的是important,there be,那就等着8分左右吧,好象中国学生最会的句子就是there be,一片there be,更郁闷的是,有人还把时态弄错了,那完了,祈祷吧！用词,要对的起研究生(Q吧) 考试的水平啊,你就不能换点高级的词吗?
四、最重要的是每段开头.我算了一下,每份卷子,快的老师5秒,我差不多要10多秒。而且还要写两个名字,你觉得我能看到什么?首句!我们肯定不会乱改,但你要是在首句被我们看见低级词、低级句子、低级错误,那完了,这就决定你最终分数,就算你后面写的再好,也完了，前面是定性的,后面是定量的记得我的话!!!
五、多用难句,难词。要让我在枯燥的工作中惊艳,而且在5秒内,你就只有让我觉得,你很牛啊,从句子看出来,同时注意,不要写错！
六、一定要检查!特别是普通用法,要是普通用法错误,直接降一等,难的用法错了也就算了。你连there be都错,那能怪老师吗?我给的2个高分被组长打回原形,就是因为有低级错误!不要出错!
七、字体优美!强烈建议练练字,能写斜体的就很好，至少多3分,不能写的,字写明白,否则,损失的不止3分。
八、从07年北京地区改卷来看,分数比较多的是在,7,8左右,要按文章要求写,文章第一段多是描绘,注意上下句衔接,同时要有铺垫,不要上来第一个词就是confidence,太突兀了,看了有点晕。
九、作文不用花太多时间,但不花时间绝对不行,还是我说的,三个方面
1:背熟一个模版并运用好
2:不出错误
3:让老师惊艳的词句,就差不多了。
十、小作文没改,不知道,不过似乎他们看的速度比我们快的多,为你们祈祷~~呵呵。
十一、补充,套话还是要学的。背一点,最后可以筹字数起码,用的好的话也是个闪光点。
十二、好象没什么了,记住相信老师,北京地区分数低,不是老师随意压分,是我们严格执行标准,你们能做的,是提高水平!
十句对你不客气的英语口语
10句对你不客气的英语口语
1. Just wait and see. I won't let you get away with that.
咱们走着瞧。我不会让你得逞的。
2. You'll be sorry.
你会后悔的。
3. You're gonna get what's coming to you.
你会得到报应的。
4. If you're looking for a fight, you don't have to look far.
如果你想找人打架的话，不用找太远。
5. Watch your mouth. Do you know who you're talking to?
说话客气一点。你知道你在跟谁说话吗？
6. I'll get even with you sooner or later.
跟你的这笔账我迟早会要回来的。
7. Listen, you've picked the wrong person to quarrel with.
听着，你找错吵架的对象了。
8. You'd better take that back.
你最好收回那句话。
9. You want to take it outside? Anytime!
你想到外头解决(干架)吗？随時奉陪！
10. Don't mess with me! / Don't get fresh with me!
不要惹我！/ 给我放尊重一点！
英美文学作家作品
■ 英国部分
古英语Old English 450-1066 中世纪英语(文学) Medieval English 1066 - middle 14th century 乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer - the father of English poetry 文艺复兴(含义)The Renaissance - rebirth or revival 人文主义Humanism - the essence of the Renaissance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the present life 1.斯宾塞Edmund Spenser - the poets' poet 2.马洛Christopher Marlowe - University Wits, the pioneer of English drama Blank verse无韵诗体, hyperbole夸张 浮士德博士的悲剧 3.莎士比亚William Shakespeare - above all writers in the past and in the present time 四大悲剧Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & Macbeth 十四行诗第18首 《威尼斯商人》 《哈姆雷特》 4.培根Francis Bacon - brevity, compactness(简洁) & powerfulness, his essays is an important landmark in the development of English prose Inductive method 归纳法 in place of deductive method 演绎法 《论学习》 5.邓恩John Donne 玄学诗派metaphysical poetry - break away from love poetry, a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods Conceits, syllogism 三段论 《日出》 《致死神》 6.弥尔顿John Milton 《失乐园》 《复乐园》 《力士参孙》 新古典主义Neoclassicism - a revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion抑制情感 & accuracy 怯懦 启蒙思想(运动) Enlightenment - a progressive intellectual movement, reason (rationality), equality & science 哥特式小说Gothic novel - mystery, horror & castles 神秘、恐怖 7.班扬John Bunyan (“浮华集市”) 8..蒲伯Alexander Pope 《论批评》 “words are like leaves; and where they most abound. Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found. ”what idea do the two lines express? On fruit trees, where leaves are plentiful, fruit will be few. Similarly, in a piece of writing, where too many fine words are used, good sense will be reduced. 9. 笛福Daniel Defoe - the first writer study of the lower-class people《罗宾汉》 10.斯威夫待Jonathan Swift - a master satirist讽刺作家. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently永存的 flawed有瑕疵的 Proper words in proper places 《温和的建议》 《格列佛游记》 11.菲尔丁Henry Fielding –英语小说之父 Father of English novel, Prose Homer Comic epic in prose 《汤姆?琼斯》 12.约翰逊Samuel Johnson - first combine an English dictionary, last neoclassicist enlightener 《英文字典》 致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信 13. 谢里丹Richard Brinsley Sheridan - the only important English dramatist of the 18th century 《?情敌》 14.格雷Thomas Gray The Graveyard(墓地) School《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》 ?浪漫传奇Romantic - emotion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of 人文主义精神the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace The romantic period began with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge's 浪漫主义时期 The Romantic Period 15.布莱克William Blake -engraver雕刻家 《扫烟囱的人》 16.华兹华斯William Wordsworth - the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, simple, spontaneous自发的, worshipper of nature' Lake Poets' - William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge & Robert Southey骚赛 He defines the poet as a 'man speaking to men', and poetry as 'the spontaneous overflow洋溢 of powerful feelings, which originates in 'emotion recollected沉思默想的 in tranquillity安静'. “我孤独地游荡，就象一朵云” 《威斯敏斯特桥上,1802年9月3日》 《她居住在人迹罕至的地方》 《孤独的割麦女》 17.柯勒律治Samuel Taylor Coleridge - supernatural, remote Poet can be divided into two groups - the demonic (supernatural) & the conversational(对话的) The demonic group includes 3 masterpieces –《古舟子咏》(又,《老水手之行》) 18.拜伦George Gordon Byron 拜伦式英雄'Byronic hero' is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin贵族血统, against tyrannical残暴的 rules or moral principles. Such a hero appears first in《恰尔德?哈罗德游记》 19.雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley Shelley’s masterpiece, Prometheus unbound, Is a verse drama. which borrows the basic story from a Greek play. 英国人民之歌 《西风颂》 20.济慈John Keats 4 great odes – 忧郁颂 21.简奥斯汀Jane Austen 《傲慢与偏见》 维多利亚时期 The Victorian Period 达尔文《物种起源》Darwin's 功利主义Utilitarianism was widely accepted and practiced Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people 22.狄更斯Charles Dickens - one of the greatest critical realist writers批判现实主义作家 of the Victorian Age维多利亚时代 Character-portrayal描写 is the most distinguishing feature特点 of his works A mingling混合 of humor and pathos 悲伤,惆怅 《双城记》 23.勃朗蒂姐妹The Bront? Sisters - Charlotte, Emily & Anne Bront?, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature. 《简?爱》 24.丁尼生Alfred Tennyson - invents dramatic monologue, Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人, a real artist 拍吧, 拍吧, 拍吧 《过沙洲》 ”尤利西斯” 25.布朗宁Robert Browning - the most original poet, who improve and mature the dramatic monologue 《指环与书》 我逝去的公爵夫人 26.乔治?艾略特George Eliot: As a 女性作家woman of exceptional 特有的intelligence and life experience, she shows a particular concern for the destiny of women 《米尔德马契》 27.哈代Thomas Hardy - both a 自然主义naturalistic and a critical realist writer 地方乡土色彩Local-colored, Wessex, 'novels of character and environment' 《德勃家的苔斯》 ?夜里的相会 现代主义 The Modern Period 28.萧伯纳George Bernard Shaw- 1884 join the Fabian Society, strongly against the credo信条 of “art for art’s sake”, vehemently 激烈condemned the “well made” but cheap, hollow plays. He wrote more than 50 plays. Mission of his drama was to reveal the moral, political and economic truth from a radical reformist point of view. 《鳏夫的房产》 29.高尔斯华绥 John Galsworthy- was born into a upper-middle-class上层(富裕的)中产阶级 family. 《银盒》 第一个三步曲Trilogy--《福赛特世家》 第二个三步曲second Forsyte trilogy:《现代喜剧》 第三个三步曲 30.叶芝 William Butler Yeats was born into an Anglo-Irish Protestant family in Dublin. organized the Irish National Dramatic Socirty and opened the Abbey Theatre. a moderate nationalist. build a mystical system of beliefs(history, life followed a circular spiral螺旋 pattern consisting of long cycles which repeatd themselves over and over on different levels). 象征symbol : “winding stairs旋梯”, “spinning tops陀螺”, “gyres旋转”, “spirals” long poetic career, 3 period 《茵尼斯弗利岛》 《丽达及天鹅》 31. T. S.艾略特 T. S. Eliot 《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 《四个四重奏》 32.劳伦斯 D. H. Lawrence 《儿子和情人》 33.乔伊斯 James Joyce 《都柏林人》 ■ 美国部分 Started with Washington Irving's called 'the American Renaissance'Free expression of emotion, escapes from society, and return to nature New England Transcendentalism 先验主义/超验主义 1.欧文Washington Irving - father of the American short stories, the American Goldsmith Perfected the best classic style that American literature ever produced First novel 2.爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson - the spokesman of New England Transcendentalism movement 3.霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne Interior of the heart, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life, but circumstances may rouse it to activity 4.惠特曼Walt Whitman Openness, freedom, individualism I - me, my nation (society), Free verse, Envelope structure, Catalogue (Listing) A new ideal, a new world, a new life-style 5.麦尔维尔Herman Melville - a master of allegory and symbolism, like Hawthorne Realistic period - the Gilded Age, the poor poorer and the rich richer, people's attention was now directed to the interesting features of everyday existence Local colorism, social Darwinism, bestiality, beyon man's control 6.马克?土温Mark Twain - the true father of American literature Local colorist, vernacular, simple sentence, 'the damned human race' The Gilded Age 3 boyhood books 7.亨利詹姆斯Henry James - international theme, psychological realistStream of consciousness, interior monologue, free association 8.迪金森Emily Dickinson Based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys 9.西奥多?德莱塞Theodore Dreiser - America's literary naturalists Case history including everything Determinism (heredity biological & environment), survival of the fittest, the jungle law Trilogy of Desire - The modern period - the second American Renaissance, the expatriate movement, the Lost Generation, a transformation from order to disorder Seize the day, enjoy the present, spiritual wasteland, collective unconscious, psychoanalysis Imagist movement, Jazz Age 10.庞德Ezra Pound - a leading spokesman of the 'Imagist Movement' 11.弗洛斯特Robert Lee Frost - four times awarded Pulitzer Prize, pastoral life and scene
