THE AENEID怎么样
The odyssy and the Aeneid，奥德西和埃涅伊德。
电影的名字。
英文诗歌中的抑扬格五音步Iambic pentameter怎么理解
1英雄双韵体(Heroic Couplet)英雄双韵体是一种英国古典诗体，由乔叟首创。
由十音节双韵诗体演化而来，每行五个音步,每个音步有两个音节,第一个是轻音,第二个是重音.句式均衡、整齐、准确、简洁、考究。
拿四行诗的押韵方式为例，有abab型，有abcb型，有abba型，有aabb型，还有aaab型。
第四种（aabb型）实际上是双行押韵，英语称之为couplet,如果每行五音步，则称之为“英雄双押韵”(heroic couplet)；2音步(feet)音步是诗行中按一定规律出现的轻音节和重音节的不同组合成的韵律最小单位。
英语文字是重音----音节型语言，因此有轻读音节兴重音节之分，它们是形成英语特有的抑扬顿挫声韵节律的决定性因素。
这是英文和英语在语音方面的区别之一。
法语是音节型语言，音节没有轻重之分，法语韵律的最小单位就是音节，而非音步。
据统计﹕英诗中这种轻重音组音步﹔其余各种音步可以看作是从这五种衍生而出来的。
这五个音步是﹕抑扬格，扬抑格，抑抑扬格，扬抑抑格和扬扬格。
现述如下﹕1.抑格格音步 (iambic foot, iambus)，即轻格或短长格﹕一轻读音节后跟一个重读音节即构成抑扬格。
它是英语本身最基本的节奏单位，也是英诗的最重要、最常用的音步。
随便说一句话，其基本音步就是抑扬格，如﹕It’s time︱ the chil︱ dren went︱ to bed. 这句话有四个抑扬格音步。
We’ll learn︱a poem︱ by Keats, 有三个抑扬格音步。
The sym︱ bols used︱ in scan︱ sion are︱the breve(ˇ)︱and the︱macron(ˋ)。
︱ 这句话共七个音步，有五个抑扬格。
一些著名英诗体都是抑扬格，如民遥体，十四行诗，双韵体，哀歌等。
例诗：The Eagle : A FragmentHe clasps the crag with crooked hands ;Close to the sun in lonely lands ,Ringed with the azure world ,he stands .The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls :He watches from his mountain walls ,And like a thunderbolt he falls .2.扬抑格音步 (trochaic foot, trochee ），即重轻格或长短格，由一个重读音节后跟一个轻读音节构成。
如,Never, happy, heartless, topsy-turvyWilliam︱Morris︱ taught him︱ English.︱Would you︱ hear what︱ man can︱ say?︱ 又如﹕Double,︱ double,︱ toil and︱ trouble,︱Fire︱ burns and︱ cauldron︱ bubble.︱--- Shakespeare(1564-1616)不惮劳苦不惮烦，釜中沸沫已成烂。
---莎士比亚这种音步是十六世纪以后才出现的;后是主要在无六韵体和其他诗体中与抑扬格配合使用，使全诗韵律有所变化，表现动作的突然性，或起强调作用。
在句首的扬抑格常使读者感到突然与骇异，有振聋发聩的效果。
如丁尼先生的《鹰》诗，绝大多数音步是抑扬格，而第2行和第3行的两个扬抑格短语“Close to”和“Ringed with”更显得十分故出，强调了鹰居高临下的雄伟姿态。
3.抑抑扬格( anapaestic foot, anapaest)，由两个轻音节后跟一个重音节组成。
如，InterveneWe will go.I’ve been wor︱king in Chi︱na for for︱ty years.︱﹝例诗﹞﹕Song for the LudditesAs the Lib︱erty lads︱ o’er the sea︱Bought their free︱dom,and cheap︱ly with blood,︱So we,︱ boys,we︱Will die︱ fighting,︱or live gree,︱And down with︱all kings︱but King Ludd!︱When the web︱ that we weave︱ is complete,︱And the shut︱tle exchanged︱ for the sword,︱We will fling︱ the wind︱ing sheet︱O’er the des︱pot at︱ our feet,︱And dye︱ it deep︱ in the gore︱he has pour’d.︱Though black︱as his heart︱ its hue,︱Since his veins︱ are corrup︱ted to mud,︱Yet this is︱ the dew︱Which the tree︱ shall renew︱Of Lib︱erty,plant︱ed by Ludd!︱---George Gordon Byron(1788-1824)﹝译诗﹞卢德派之歌海外的自由的儿郎买到了自由----用鲜血﹔我们，不自由便阵亡!除了我们的卢德王，把一切国王都消灭!等我们把布匹织出，梭子换成了利剑，就要把这块尸布掷向脚下的独夫，用他的腥血来染遍!他腥血和心一样黑，血管腐烂如泥土﹔把血水拿来当露水，浇灌卢德所栽培----我们的自由之树!---拜伦拜伦于1816年侨居意大利期间写成这篇战斗檄文，抒发了诗人对人对自由的向往和对工人斗争的敬意。
从原文上划分的音步可以看出，这首诗以抑抑扬格为主体。
这种音步朗读时，语调有明显的起伏。
有两个轻读音节在先，使后面的重音节自然得到强调，彷佛是一种澎湃起伏哀怨愤怒之声，与这首诗的主题相辅承。
4.扬扬抑格步 (dactylic foot, dactyl)，由一个重音节后跟两个轻读音节组成。
这种音步令语气听来像命令像宣言，多用在格言、警句、谚语中。
如，Yesterday, happily, thoroughly, merrilyWhat is now︱ proved was once︱ only im︱agined.︱Think in the︱ morning.︱ Act in the︱ noon.︱ Eat in the︱evening.︱ Sleep in the︱ night.﹝例诗﹞﹕The gathering Of The People (EXCERPT) A Storm Song Gather ye︱ silently,︱Even as︱ the snow︱Heapeth the︱ avalanche:︱Gather ye︱ so!︱Gather ye︱ so.︱In the︱ wide glare︱ of day,︱Sternly and︱ tranquilly;︱Melt not a︱ way!︱Flake by flake︱ gather;︱Bind ye the︱ whole︱Firmly tog︱ ether-︱One from︱ and one︱ soul!︱Are ye all gather’d?︱Welded in︱ one?︱Hark to the︱ thunder-shout!︱Now roll ye︱ on!---William James Linton (1812-1899)﹝译文﹞人民的集结（节选）暴风雨之歌悄悄集结吧，就像那雪花，积一场雪崩﹕ 就这么集结吧
就这么集结吧， 光天化日下，坚决而沉着， 可不要融化
一片又一片， 整个团结紧，成一个形体， 有一个灵魂
全都已经集齐
结成了整体
且听雷声吼， 奋勇滚上去
───威廉．林顿林顿是宪章派著名诗人，1838年起积极参加宪章派活动。
例如是他的一首著名政治鼓动诗，谱成了曲在宪章派的集会上唱。
其中多数诗行的第一音步是扬抑抑格，象是在发号召，表决心，激发工人的斗志，使人民团结起来。
形成雷霆万钧之力。
这种音步增强了诗句的说服力和感染力。
扬抑抑格正适合说理性强的诗。
5.扬扬格(Spondaic foot, spondee)，由连续两个重音节组而成，表现沉重、缓慢、困难的动作或情绪﹔也用于表现感情的突然变化或强调语气。
此音步也主要与其他音步合用，甚少有以扬扬格为主的诗。
如，Three men, red crossMore haste,︱ less speed.︱亚历山大，蒲伯的《批评论》中有两行诗很能说明连续读音节的表演力﹕When A︱jax strives︱ some rock’s︱ vast weight︱ to throw,︱The︱ line too︱ labours,︱ the words︱ move slow.︱当埃阿斯奋力举起千钧巨石砸去，诗行也变得沉重，充满缓慢的字句。
蒲伯的《批评论》是新古典主义的韵体文论著作。
Ajax是指希腊神话中的埃阿斯(Ajax the Great)。
他骁勇善战，身材魁梧，力大无比，是特洛伊战中的英雄。
不同的内容要用不同的韵律也要变得费力、迟缓。
第一行中的扬扬格“vast weight”表现巨石的沈重。
第二行的扬扬格的着例。
共八个字，九个音节。
有六个皇音读音节，都是实词，更能表现句中格调的巍峨。
这一行共有两个扬扬格音步。
这样的诗句只能用加重的语气缓慢朗读，想快也快不起来，因只有轻读音节多时才能读得快。
同一首诗中接下来的两行就是读得快的例子，那是描写古罗马诗人维吉尔的史诗《伊尼特》(Aeneid)中的女英雄---“飞毛腿”卡米拉(Camilla)。
为帮助记忆以上几个主要音步，现向读者推荐一首顺口溜﹕Iambics march from short long;Trochee trips from long to short.Slow spondee stalks, strong feet,Ever to come up with dactyl trisyllable.如何划分音步呢?首先要初步读懂诗，至少要看懂诗的大意，并根据理解进行朗读或实际或默读，然后按实际读出的音划分出重音音节和轻读音节，切要时还有次重音节﹔最后找出占多数的音步，进行归纳划分。
一般来说，实词(包括名词、动词、副词等)，要重读﹔虚词(包括名词、冠词、介词等)，要轻读。
但实词轻读，虚词重读，虚词重读的情况也不少。
切忌按固定的框框去硬套。
如，知道十四行诗多是抑扬格，于是见到十四行诗就按抑扬格划分音步，甚至照这样的划法来理解诗意和朗，这样就本末倒置了，因为在实际应用中会出现许多变化。
像莎士比亚在他的第116首十四行诗中，第一行就用了两处扬抑格，两处扬抑抑格，以表示对旧制度抗争和对世人的勤戒﹕Let me︱ not to the︱ marriage of︱ true minds︱Admit︱ impediments.︱如果只是接固定的模式去硬套不同的诗，划分音步的义就不大了。
划分音步的目的之一是要看到诗人在一个总的韵律之内有那些变化。
一般来说，凡是音步有变化的地方，都是较重要或关键的地方。
这样，回过头来再读这首诗，就会有一些新的理解，体会到诗人的用意和运用变化之妙。
全篇只用一种音步的诗是罕见的，当然儿歌一类除外。
还有一点需要注意的是，并不是所有实词都重读，所有虚词都轻读。
考虑对诗的理解和韵律两种因素，个别的实词可以划分为轻读音节，有些虚词可以划分为重读音节，这在日常口语中也不鲜见。
即使是重读得很重很慢，有的读得较轻较快。
这样就出现所谓“主要重读音节”(primary stress)和“次要重读音节”(secondary stress)的区别。
如I want to go 这句话有两个抑扮格音步，want和go都是重读音节。
但在实际朗读时，want比go要朗读得弱些，成为次要重读音节。
这句话应这样划音节﹕I want︱ to go.︱。
又如，彭斯的诗句“我爱人像红红的玫瑰”应划为﹕My love︱ is like︱ a red︱ red rose.︱原本是介词的like，这里可以读得重些，变为次重音，第二个red也成为次重音节。
这行诗占主导地位的步音是抑扬格﹔最后一个音步是扬扬格，起了强调作用，其中的次重音读音节增加了诗行的抑扬格顿挫音乐美感。
总之来说，不变中有变是一切艺术的规律，诗也如此。
从本书其他各章节例诗的讨论中，还可以具体看到一些各种音步变化所产生的不同效果
Amy这个英文名的意义、来历
其实都是说明这个典故的。
你的英文水平应该不错。
我还是把一般解释发给你，你自己看吧。
----------------The Trojan Horse was a tale from the Trojan War, as told in Virgil's Latin epic poem The Aeneid. The events in this story from the Bronze Age took place after Homer's Iliad, and before Homer's Odyssey. It was the stratagem that allowed the Greeks finally to enter the city of Troy and end the conflict. In the best-known version, after a fruitless 10-year siege of Troy the Greeks built a huge figure of a horse inside which a select force of men hid. The Greeks pretended to sail away, and the Trojans pulled the Horse into their city as a victory trophy. That night the Greek force crept out of the Horse and opened the gates for the rest of the Greek army, which had sailed back under cover of night. The Greek army entered and destroyed the city of Troy, decisively ending the war.The priest Laocoön guessed the plot and warned the Trojans, in Virgil's famous line Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes (I fear Greeks even those bearing gifts)[1], but the god Poseidon sent two sea serpents to strangle him, and his sons Antiphantes and Thymbraeus, before he could be believed. King Priam's daughter Cassandra, the soothsayer of Troy, insisted that the horse would be the downfall of the city and its royal family but she too was ignored, hence their doom and loss of the war.A Trojan Horse has come to mean any trick that causes a target to invite a foe into a securely protected bastion or place, now often associated with malware computer programs presented as useful or harmless in order to induce the user to install and run them.
heroic couplet的英语释义
the heroic couplet英雄史诗式两行诗（每句有五音步十音节,互相押韵）In prosody, Chaucer mostly used the ten-syllable line in rhymed couplets (later developed into the most fashionable heroic couplet of the 18th century).从体裁上说，多用每行十音节、双行一尾韵的诗体（后来演化为18世纪风行的）。
求高手给我全文翻译一下，谢谢
◎ 莎士比亚十四行诗第18首 ◇ 曹明伦 译 18 18 我是否可以把你比喻成夏天
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和： Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断， Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过； And summer's lease hath all too short a date: 有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热， Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗； And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落， And every fair from fair sometime declines, 被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜； By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: 但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽， But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 你所拥有的美貌也不会消失， Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, 死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫， Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时； When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, 只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛， So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, 我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 注：第11行语出《旧约•诗篇》第23篇第4节：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在……” 英文赏析： This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison。
这是整体赏析 1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? This is taken usually to mean 'What if I were to compare thee etc?' The stock comparisons of the loved one to all the beauteous things in nature hover in the background throughout. One also remembers Wordsworth's lines: We'll talk of sunshine and of song, And summer days when we were young, Sweet childish days which were as long As twenty days are now. Such reminiscences are indeed anachronistic, but with the recurrence of words such as 'summer', 'days', 'song', 'sweet', it is not difficult to see the permeating influence of the Sonnets on Wordsworth's verse. 2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate: The youth's beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. more temperate - more gentle, more restrained, whereas the summer's day might have violent excesses in store, such as are about to be described. 3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, May was a summer month in Shakespeare's time, because the calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight. darling buds of May - the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favourite flowers. 4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Legal terminology. The summer holds a lease on part of the year, but the lease is too short, and has an early termination (date). 5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, Sometime = on occasion, sometimes; the eye of heaven = the sun. 6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed, his gold complexion = his (the sun's) golden face. It would be dimmed by clouds and on overcast days generally. 7. And every fair from fair sometime declines, All beautiful things (every fair) occasionally become inferior in comparison with their essential previous state of beauty (from fair). They all decline from perfection. 8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: By chance accidents, or by the fluctuating tides of nature, which are not subject to control, nature's changing course untrimmed. untrimmed - this can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornament and decoration. The greater difficulty however is to decide which noun this adjectival participle should modify. Does it refer to nature, or chance, or every fair in the line above, or to the effect of nature's changing course? KDJ adds a comma after course, which probably has the effect of directing the word towards all possible antecedents. She points out that nature's changing course could refer to women's monthly courses, or menstruation, in which case every fair in the previous line would refer to every fair woman, with the implication that the youth is free of this cyclical curse, and is therefore more perfect. 9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Referring forwards to the eternity promised by the ever living poet in the next few lines, through his verse. 10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, Nor shall it (your eternal summer) lose its hold on that beauty which you so richly possess. ow'st = ownest, possess. By metonymy we understand 'nor shall you lose any of your beauty'. 11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, Several half echoes here. The biblical ones are probably 'Oh death where is thy sting? Or grave thy victory?' implying that death normally boasts of his conquests over life. And Psalms 23.3.: 'Yea though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil ' In classical literature the shades flitted helplessly in the underworld like gibbering ghosts. Shakespeare would have been familiar with this through Virgil's account of Aeneas' descent into the underworld in Aeneid Bk. VI. 12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, in eternal lines = in the undying lines of my verse. Perhaps with a reference to progeny, and lines of descent, but it seems that the procreation theme has already been abandoned. to time thou grow'st - you keep pace with time, you grow as time grows. 13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, For as long as humans live and breathe upon the earth, for as long as there are seeing eyes on the eart. 14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. That is how long these verses will live, celebrating you, and continually renewing your life. But one is left with a slight residual feeling that perhaps the youth's beauty will last no longer than a summer's day, despite the poet's proud boast. 这是逐句赏析 中文版：以莎氏十四行诗第18首为例，以往从未有人指出过它的缺点，但笔者根据教学实践得来的体会，认为它至少有两大缺点，一是在音韵方面，其韵脚、头韵和韵格均不同程度的破坏了诗歌的音美和形美；二是某些比喻和描述的平淡或离奇破坏了诗歌的意美。
一、音韵参差，破坏了音美和形美 全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter），包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个对偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。
但本诗音韵并不十分齐整。
在韵脚（end rhyme）方面，第二行的temperate与第四行的date押韵，但两个词的重音位置却不同，这一韵就既非阳韵（masculine rhyme）也非阴韵（feminine rhyme），显得不伦不类，与其它严整的韵对比，这一韵念起来令人颇感突兀，破坏了诗歌的音韵美。
头韵（alliteration）方面，第六和第七行都以And 起头，形成头韵，但这两个并列的简单陈述句从意义上看，造成了语意在同一水平上徘徊而不是递进，而且用相同的And起头使两句不仅在语意也在形式上显得拖沓而无变化，破坏了诗歌的音韵美和形式美。
韵格(meter)方面，五音步抑扬格的诗歌是常有破格的，特别是在诗歌首行的第一个音步，经常是前重音后轻音。
适当的破格可使诗歌免于呆板，增加变化，使音韵更显其美。
但过多的破格就会打乱诗歌的格式，使其音律显得零碎，给诗歌带来负面影响，本诗即是如此。
第一行“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”中的“thee to”是无法按轻重音的顺序来念的，第二行“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”中的两个more是强调，要念重音，因此这一行的韵格就不是抑扬格了。
第六行“And often is his gold complexion dimm’d”中前两个音步的轻重音位置是模糊的。
第十行“Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest”中的第一个音步可以看作是破格，第十一行“Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade”中的“Nor shall Death brag”重音和轻音顺序应是“重轻重重”，也不是抑扬格。
可见，本诗因为破格过多，格律形式有点混乱，诗歌齐整的音韵美受到了损害。
实际上，学生也经常反映这首诗歌读起来有些地方很拗口，主要就是因为韵律破格太多所致。
二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美 诗歌之美，不仅体现在音美和形美上，而且还有语意层面的美。
通过语法、词汇或使用比喻等，可以建构诗歌的意美。
本诗中有美丽的语言，如“darling buds of May”（五月的嫩蕊）、“eternal summer”（长夏）、“thou wander’st in his shade”（在他的暗影里蹉跎），但也有平常的比喻和描述，如诗中将“你”比喻为“夏季”，把太阳比成“天上的眼睛”，有“金色的面容”，这当然不是平淡的描述，但至少也不是新鲜的。
而说死神能“夸口”，这种拟人的手法多少有些平淡了。
诗中又说夏天有“租期”，租期又“太短”，则令人感到有些陌生，难有美感了。
时光匆匆是人人皆知的常识，诗中用复杂的表述来说明浅显的道理，很难令人感到亲切，这样的比喻并未达到增强表现力的效果。
这种将简单复杂化从而使人产生隔膜的例子还有“nature’s changing course untrimm’d ”以及“that fair thou owest”。
而“And every fair from fair”则让一般读者感到很抽象，难以理解。
“So long as men can breathe or eyes can see”也是一句很平常的散文句。
以上所述，是莎氏十四行诗第18首在诗艺上的缺陷。
当然诗中古雅的用词和句法也会给普通读者带来阅读上的不适，但这是古今语言演变造成的隔膜，并非诗歌本身的原因，正如其多个汉译文，现在看起来也有时代距离感一样。
莎士比亚十四行诗第18首是一首经典诗歌，其美妙自不待言，但是从另一个角度检视和观察，认识其缺点和不足，以避免盲目吹捧和过度美化，应该是对待文学经典的更全面因而是更可取的方法。
PS:都是非原创，是我在各个论坛，空间里找的。
但是希望可以啊帮到你~~~~~~~·
