an upheaval读后感
写读后感要注意首先要设置一个境界 把你读的文章引出来 后面加一句 读了之后深受感触等话语再把文章的主要内容概括出来然后把你的想法另起一段写出来 要是自己的真情实感然后结合自己的生活实际谈谈你对这个文章的观点最后升化主题简单说就是四个步骤：引,议,联,结.希望对你有帮助
an upheaval读后感
写读后感要注意首先要设置一个境界 把你读的文章引出来 后面加一句 读了之后深受感触等话语再把文章的主要内容概括出来然后把你的想法另起一段写出来 要是自己的真情实感然后结合自己的生活实际谈谈你对这个文章的观点最后升化主题简单说就是四个步骤：引,议,联,结.希望对你有帮助
“学”的含义是什么
学注解--------------------------------------------------------------------------------学（学）xué (1) ㄒㄩㄝˊ(2) 效法，钻研知识，获得知识，读书：～生。
～徒。
～习。
～业。
～友。
～者。
～阀。
～制。
～历。
～步邯郸（讥讽人只知模仿，不善于学而无成就，亦作“邯郸学步”）。
(3) 传授知识的地方：～校（简称“学”或“校”）。
～院。
～府。
中～。
大～。
上～。
(4) 掌握的知识：～问（简称“学”）。
～术（一切学问的总称）。
～位。
～士（a．学位名，大学毕业生；b．古代官名）。
才～。
治～。
～识。
博～多才。
(5) 分门别类的有系统的知识：～说。
哲～。
数～。
小～（a．古代指文学、音韵、训诂学；b．现指初等学校）。
(6) 郑码：VDWY，U：5B66，GBK：D1A7(7) 笔画数：8，部首：子，笔顺编号：44345521参考词汇--------------------------------------------------------------------------------study learn 教 详细注解--------------------------------------------------------------------------------学壆、斈xué〔动〕(1) (形声。
本作“壆”,象双手构木为屋形。
后作声符,加“子”为义符。
子,孩子。
小孩子是学习的主体。
本义:学习)(2) 同本义 [study;learn]学,识也。
——《广雅》好学近乎知。
——《礼记·中庸》念终始典于学。
——《礼记·文王世子》学,效也。
近而愈明者学也。
——《尚书大传》学者,学其所不能学也。
——《庄子·庚桑楚》远寻师学。
——《后汉书·列女传》学而时习之。
——《论语》学即继以问也。
——清·刘开《问说》(3) 又如:学书(认真读书);学学乖(经世面,学聪明);学理论;学技术;好学;苦学;教学相长;学文(学习人文学科或社会科学;学习文化知识);学古(学习研究古代典籍)(4) 模仿 [imitate;mimic][巧姐儿]笑嘻嘻走到凤姐身边学舌。
——《红楼梦》。
又如:学嘴(学舌);调嘴学舌;学他爸爸走路的样子;学不上来(5) 讲述,说 [speak]一五一十向着珍哥、晁大舍学个不了。
——《醒世姻缘传》见说万山潭,渔童尽能学。
——唐·陆龟蒙《鱼具》(6) 又如:学舌(说闲话;搬弄是非)(7) 讲学 [give lectures]学,教也。
——《广雅》叔仲皮学子柳。
——《礼记》凡学世子及学士。
——《礼记·文王世子》哀王者,帝之少弟,与太子游学相长大。
——《资治通鉴》词性变化--------------------------------------------------------------------------------学壆xué〔名〕(1) 学校 [school]。
又曾称学庐、学教、学馆、学堂、学宫、学院、学屋、学园学,官也。
——《广雅·释室》君子学以致其道。
——《论语》学则三代共之。
——《孟子》万用入学。
——《夏小正》小学在公宫南之左,大学在郊。
——《礼记·王制》国子先生晨入太学。
——韩愈《进学解》(2) 又如:学俸(教师的薪水);学宪(学台);学台(学政);学里(明清时设立的管理各级地方儒生的机构)(3) 学问 [learning]天子积学。
——《后汉书·列女传》学有未达。
——清·刘开《问说》是芋视乃学。
——清·周容《芋老人传》生平为学。
——清·张廷玉《明史》人之为学有难易乎?——清·彭端淑《为学一首示子侄》(4) 又如:学耻全牛(惭愧学问未到炉火纯青的地步);学行(学问与品行);才学(才能与学问);绝学(失传的学问);家学(祖传学问)(5) 学科;某一门类系统的知识 [subject of study;branch of learning]今日覩卿词学。
——《剧谈录·宣宗夜召翰林学士》(6) 又如:文学;哲学;地理学;化学;问学于师常用词组--------------------------------------------------------------------------------学报xuébào[learned journal;journal] 高等院校、学术团体定期出版的学术性刊物学步xuébù[learn to walk] 学习走路刚会学步的孩子学步邯郸xuébù-hándān[imitate sb.in certain particulars;imitate sb.slavishly and lose one's own originality] 《汉书·叙传上》:“昔有学步于邯郸者,曾未得其仿佛,又复失其故步,遂匍匐而归耳。
”比喻模仿人不到家,反把自己原来会的东西忘了学部xuébù(1) [(of the Qing Dynasty) the Imperial Educational Ministry]∶清末管理全国教育的中央官署(2) [a division (in the Chinese Academy of Sciences)]∶中国科学院各学科的领导机构,由院内外著名科学家担任的若干学部委员组成学潮xuécháo[student strike;campus upheaval] 指学校师生因对时政或学校不满而掀起的风潮学程xuéchéng[curriculum] 一个教育机构(大专院校)或它的分支机构开设的全部课程学而不厌xué’érbùyàn[have an insatiable desire to learn;be never tired of reading] 学习没有厌倦满足的时候。
比喻非常好学默而识之,学而不厌,诲人不倦,何有于我哉。
——《论语·述而》学阀xuéfá[scholar-tyrant] 指仗势把持教育界或学术界的人学房xuéfáng[old-style private school] 私塾学费xuéfèi(1) [tuition;school fee]∶办学的经费学费已急剧上升(2) [schooling]∶学生在学校的学习及膳宿杂费缴付一个孩子的学费学分xuéfēn[credit] 高等学校计算课业时间的单位。
通常以一学期中每周上课一小时为一学分。
学习修够学分方能毕业学风xuéfēng[style of study] 学习的风气学府xuéfǔ[seat of learning;institution of learning] 指高等学校最高学府学工xuégōng[apprentice] 指在工厂学习技术的学徒工学好xuéhǎo[emulate good;learn from good example] 向好人学习,以好事为榜样,努力向上学会xuéhuì(1) [society]∶研究某一学科的人组成的学术团体植物学会(2) [society]∶见“会社”学会xuéhuì[learn;master] 靠实践、训练或反复体验而获得才学学会阅读学籍xuéjí[one’s status as a student] 作为某校学生的资格学监xuéjiān[visitor;visiter] 旧时学校里监督、管理学生的人员学界xuéjiè[educational circles] 指教育界或学术界学究xuéjiū[pedant] 读书人的通称。
亦指迂腐浅陋的读书人浮夸的学究学科xuékē[branch of learning;course;subject] 知识或学习的一门分科,尤指在学习制度中,为了教学将之作为一个完整的部分进行安排学理xuélǐ[scientific principle or law;academic theory] 科学上的法则、原理学力xuélì[knowledge;educational level academic attainments] 学问上的造诣,学问上达到的水平学历xuélì[record of formal schooling;educational background] 求学的经历,指曾在哪些学校肄业或毕业学龄xuélíng[school age] 被认为在身心上适合于上学的儿童的年龄,一般均由法律规定要儿童在这个时期上学学名xuémíng(1) [scientific name]∶科学上采用的专业名称“锈”的学名为“氧化铁”(2) [one’s formal name used at school]∶小孩入学时用的正式名字学年xuénián[school year;academic year] 一个教育机关的年度上课时间,通常从九月开始到第二年六月终结学派xuépài[school of thought;school] 一个学科中由于学说、观点不同而形成的派别学期xuéqī(1) [term;semester]∶小学、中学或大学的每年分出的两个学习阶段之一(2) [half year]∶学年之春季部分或秋季部分学舌xuéshé[parrot;mechanically repeat other people’s words] 学别人说话,喻指没有主见学生xuésheng(1) [student;pupil]∶在学校学习的人(2) [disciple;follower]∶接受他人的教导并帮助传播和实行的人学识xuéshí[knowledge;scholarship] 学问知识学时xuéshí[class hour;class period] 一节课的时间,一般为四十五分钟学士xuéshì(1) [bachelor]∶学位的一种,通常是初级或最低级学位文学士(2) [scholar]∶古代在国学读书的学生学术xuéshù[learning;science] 有系统的专门学问学术界xuéshùjiè[academia;academic world;academic circle] 学术或学院式的生活;学术或学院式的环境学说xuéshuō[theory;doctrine;teaching] 学术上自成系统的主张、理论爱因斯坦的学说学堂xuétáng[school] 学校的旧称学田xuétián[school-owned land] 旧时办学用的公田,以其收入作为学校经费学童xuétóng[school boys and girls] 年幼的学生学徒xuétú[apprentice;trainee] 从师受业的人学位xuéwèi[academic degree;degree] 教育机构根据学生专业知识和技术水平而授予的称号。
一般分学士、硕士、博士三个等级学问xuéwen(1) [learning;knowledge;scholarship](2) 系统知识(3) 泛指知识学习xuéxí[study;learn] 通过阅读、听讲、研究、实践等获得知识或技能的过程学习一种语言学习数学学校xuéxiào[school;educational institution] 教授某一项或一些专门技术的地方学业xuéyè(1) [school work]∶学习的课业(2) [learning]∶学问学业荒废学以致用xuéyǐzhìyòng[study sth.in order to apply it;study for the purpose of application] 学习是为了实际应用学艺xuéyì[learn an artistic skill] 学习文艺;学习技艺孩子在戏校学艺学艺xuéyì[knowledge and skill] 学问、技艺他俩在切磋学艺学员xuéyuán[student;student of a college or training school] 在高校、中小学以外的学校、培训班学习的人学院xuéyuàn[college;academy;institute] 以某一专业为主的高校学长xuézhǎng[(a polite form of address for) a fellow student] 对同学的尊敬称呼学制xuézhì(1) [educational (或 school) system;arrangements for schooling]∶国家对学校的组织、课程、学习年限的规定(2) [length of schooling]∶学习年限缩短学制学子xuézǐ[student] 从学的人青青子矜。
——《诗·郑风·子衿》。
笺:“青衿,青领也,学子所服。
”风雅一手提,学子屦满户。
——林景熙《酬谢皋父》莘莘学子汉译英--------------------------------------------------------------------------------学study learn 相关词语--------------------------------------------------------------------------------学教 English --------------------------------------------------------------------------------学( 学 )Xu éFollow example of, delve into the knowledge, acquire the knowledge, study.Teach the place of the knowledge.Knowledge of controling.Systematic knowledge of classifying.Teachstudylearn提高学习效率是一个很重要的问题。
许多学生学习成绩不佳，往往起因于学习效率不高。
学习效率不高往往由多因素造成。
较低的学习兴趣、不良的学习习惯、身体的疾病等都能影响学习效率。
下面，我们对此进行综合考察。
?? ?? 一、学习问题自我评价 ?? ?? 每一个学习不良者并不一定真的了解自己的问题之所在，要想对症下药，解决问题，对学习问题进行自我评价便尤其显得重要了。
对学习问题可主要从如下几方面进行自我评价： ?? ?? l．时间安排问题 ?? ?? 学习不良者应该反省下列几个问题： (1)是否很少在学习前确定明确的目标，比如要在多少时间里完成多少内容。
(2)学习是否常常没有固定的时间安排。
(3)是否常拖延时间以至于作业都无法按时完成。
(4)学习计划是否是从来都只能在开头的几天有效。
(5)一周学习时间是否不满10小时。
(6)是否把所有的时问都花在学习上了。
?? ?? 2．注意力问题 ?? ?? (1)注意力完全集中的状态是否只能保持10至15分钟。
(2)学习时，身旁是否常有小说、杂志等使我分心的东西。
(3)学习时是否常有想入非非的体验。
(4)是否常与人边聊天边学习。
?? ?? 3．学习兴趣问题 ?? ?? (1)是否一见书本头就发胀。
(2)是否只喜欢文科，而不喜欢理科。
(3)是否常需要强迫自己学习。
(4)是否从未有意识地强化自己的学习行为。
?? ?? 4.学习方法问题 ?? ?? (1)是否经常采用题海战来提高解题能力。
(2)是否经常采用机械记忆法。
(3)是否从未向学习好的同学讨教过学习方法。
(4)是否从不向老师请教问题。
(5)是否很少主动钻研课外辅助读物。
?? ?? 一般而言，回答上述问题，肯定的答案 (回答“是”)越多，学习的效率越低。
每个有学习问题的学生都应从上述四类问题中列出自己主要毛病，然后有针对性地进行治疗。
例如一个学生毛病是这样的：在时间安排上，他总喜欢把任务拖到第二夫去做；在注意力问题上，他总喜欢在寝室里边与人聊天边读书；在学习兴趣上，他对专业课不感兴趣，对旁系的某些课却很感兴趣；在学习方法上主要采用机械记忆法。
这位学生的病一列出来，我们就能够采取有效的治疗措施了。
?? ?? 二、自我改进法 ?? ?? 1.SQ3R法 ?? ?? 罗宾生(Robinson)提出的SQ3R法是提高学习效率的一种好方法。
SQ3R是由Survey，Question，Read，Recite，Review几个单词的第一个字母缩写成的。
?? ?? (1)概览(Survey)：即概要性地阅读。
当你要读一本书或一段文章时，你必须借助标题和副标题知道大概内容，还要抓住开头，结尾及段落问承上启下的句子。
这样一来，你就有了一个比较明确的目标有利于进一步学习。
?? ?? (2)问题(Question)：即在学习时，要把注意力集中到人物、事件、时间、地点、原因等基本问题上，同时找一找自己有哪些不懂的地力。
如果是学习课文，预习中的提问可增加你在课堂上的参与意识。
要是研究一个课题时你能带着问题去读有关资料，就能更有的放矢。
?? ?? (3)阅读(Read)：阅读的目的是要找到问题的答案，不必咬文嚼字，应注重对意思的理解。
有些书应采用快速阅读，这有助于提高你的知识量，有些书则应采用精该法，反复琢磨其中的含义。
?? ?? (4)背诵(Recite)：读了几段后，合上书想想究竟前面讲了些什么，可以用自己的语言做一些简单的读书摘要，从中找出关键的表达词语，采用精炼的语言把思想归纳成几点，这样做既有助于记忆、背诵或复述，又有助于提高表达能力，且使思维更有逻辑性。
这种尝试背诵的方法比单纯重复多遍的阅读方法效果更好。
?? ?? (5)复习(Review)：在阅读了全部内容之后，回顾一遍是必要的。
复习时，可参考笔记摘要，分清段落间每一层次的不同含义。
复习的最主要作用是避免遗忘。
一般来说，及时复习是最有效的，随着时间的推移，复习可逐渐减少，但经常性地复习有助于使学习效果更巩固，所谓“拳不离手，曲不离口”，即是此意。
?? ?? 2．自我塑造法 ?? ?? 上面介绍的SQ3R法是一种学习方法，仅可解决因方法缺乏而引起的学习上的问题。
对于因其他原因而引起的学习问题，则还需综合考虑运用其他方法，自我塑造法即是一种综合法。
?? ?? (1)选择一个目标。
经过对学习效率低的原因分析，你已经找出自己的症结所在，但对改变它你不可性急，而应该首先选择其中较为可行的一项进行重点突破。
我们常观到某些学生在接受长辈一顿训斥后，立即制定一个宏大的学习计划，其实这种计划十有八九是执行不下去的。
我在学英语时，有一天忽然下决心要从阅读原版小说入手，结果我借了一世界名著《马丁．伊登》，并且向朋友宣布，我要花一个月时间啃下此书。
结果呢，我连第一页都没能读完，因为里面的生词查不胜查。
后来我选择了比较适中的学习目标，先从世界名著简写本入手，结果越读兴趣越浓，不再视英语为畏途了。
?? ?? （ 2）实行新的学习程序，如果你的症结是行为拖拉，为克服这个缺点你就应该给自己订一个规则，每天不完成预订的任务不睡觉。
如果你的赞美是注意力不集中，那么你应分析不集中的原因。
在寝室读书不集中，则应责令自己到教室里去读。
如果读半小时后不集中，则应略为休息一下，或改变一下学习内容。
如果原因是对读书不感兴趣，则首先努力去读自己有兴趣的书或改变单调枯燥的读书方法，将读书与工作、娱乐、陶冶性情结合起来，或给自己的学习以一定的奖励。
坚持一段时间后，随着良好习惯的形成，学习兴趣就会逐渐浓厚。
急···求诗歌赏析。
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英文的。
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Yu Hua is a literary legend in China ,and in 2002 he became the first Chinese writer to win the prestigious James Joyce Award. novels To Live and Chronicle of a Blood Merchant have been named as two of the top ten most influential books in China during the last decade. In Chronicle of a Blood Merchant, the people of China are under the reign of Chairman Mao, and Hua presents an unflinching portrait of life for the Chinese during Chairman Mao’s reign.Xu Sanguan is your typical Chinese factory worker and the protagonist in Chronicle of a Blood Merchant. Xu Sanguan works in a silk factory, where he pushes a cart and distributes silk worms to the other factory workers. Similar to the jobs of others, is not well-paying and the work is tedious. However, Xu Sanguan has no other options to make money, and he has to make a living to survive. While he works at the factory, Xu Yulan, a pretty young woman who sells fried dough on the street, catches eye. Xu Yulan is known as the “Fried Dough Queen” for her beauty and vivacious nature. Although Xu Yulan is being courted by another man, Xe Xiaoyong, Xu Sanguan convinces Xu Yulan’s father to agree to a marriage between Xu Yulan and Xu Sanguan.Years later, Xu Sanguan and Xu Yulan are well into their marriage and they have three s, Yile, Erle and Sanle. Xu Sanguan’s expanded family puts increased demands upon to provide food and shelter. His increased obligations and his country’s Cultural Revolution press against as he struggles to provide food and shelter for his family. Xu Sanguan decides to visit the “blood chief” at the local hospital, where he sells his blood for an amount of money that is much greater than his meager pay at the silk factory. Selling blood is a potentially lethal proposition, but Xu Sanguan forced to take this risk in order to support his family.Over the years, Xu Sanguan’s family continues to have their normal needs for food and shelter, but a famine strikes their country and Xu Sanguan once again is forced to sell blood. His family is starving and they rise only twice day from their beds to consume watery rations of corn gruel. While Xu Sanguan sells his blood to take his family out for a proper meal, he refuses to allow Yile to join them. Yile is the eldest , but it is determined that Yile is a bastard. Yile’s real father is Xe Xiaoyong, the man who was courting Xu Yulan shortly before Xu Yulan’s marriage to Xu Sanguan. Xu Sanguan’s sense of honor is crushed when he learns that he is a “cuckold” for raising a bastard for over nine years. The dynamics of the family continue to change throughout the novel. Xu Sanguan, Xu Yulan and the three s struggle to survive throughout their country’s turbulent changes. Xu Sanguan’s relationship with Yile is tested and changes over time. Xu Sanguan risks his own life to save Yile and comes to learn that “blood money” will not only pay debts, it will forgive them, too.Chronicle of a Blood Merchant is emotionally intense and provides the reader with a gripping view of reality for the Chinese and their struggle to survive during their country’s upheaval and changes. In a society that has learned to be circumspect, hostile and is impoverished, author Yu Hua provides an intense backdrop for a heartfelt, intense story of a common Chinese family’s survival and growth. While the reviewer suspects that some of Yu Hua’s literary talents were unable to be “carried over” in the translation of Chronicle of a Blood Merchant from Chinese to English, the book is engrossing and clearly is another literary achievement for Yu Hua.
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英语经济方面的问题
1Tulip Mania of 1637 Tulip mania or tulipomania (Dutch names include tulpenmanie, tulpomanie, tulpenwoede, tulpengekte, and bollengekte) was a period in the Dutch Golden Age during which contract prices for bulbs of the recently introduced tulip reached extraordinarily high levels and then suddenly collapsed.[2] At the peak of tulip mania in February 1637, tulip contracts sold for more than 10 times the annual income of a skilled craftsman. It is generally considered the first recorded speculative bubble.[3] The term tulip mania is often used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble.[4] The event was popularized in 1841 by the book Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, written by British journalist Charles Mackay. According to Mackay, at one point 12 acres (5 ha) of land were offered for a Semper Augustus bulb.[5] Mackay claims that many such investors were ruined by the fall in prices, and Dutch commerce suffered a severe shock. Although Mackay's book is a classic that is widely reprinted today, his account is contested. Modern scholars believe that the mania was not as extraordinary as Mackay described; some suggesting that no economically meaningful bubble occurred.[6] 2.South sea Company of 1720 South Sea Bubble in 1720, which caused financial ruin for many. In spite of this it was restructured and continued to operate for more than a century after the Bubble. 3.Grat Depression 1929 The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in the 1930s or early 1940s for different countries.[3] It was the largest and most important economic depression in the 20th century, and is used in the 21st century as an example of how far the world's economy can fall.[4] The Great Depression originated in the United States; historians most often use as a starting date the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday. The depression had devastating effects in virtually every country, rich or poor. International trade plunged by half to two-thirds, as did personal income, tax revenue, prices and profits. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially those dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries. Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by roughly 60 percent.[5][6][7] Facing plummeting demand with few alternate sources of jobs, areas dependent on primary sector industries such as farming, mining and logging suffered the most.[8] However, even shortly after the Wall Street Crash of 1929, optimism persisted; John D. Rockefeller said that These are days when many are discouraged. In the 93 years of my life, depressions have come and gone. Prosperity has always returned and will again.[9] The Great Depression ended at different times in different countries; for subsequent history see Home front during World War II.[10] America's Great Depression ended in 1941 with America's entry into World War II.[11] The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left or right. In some states, the desperate citizens turned toward nationalist demagogues—the most infamous being Adolf Hitler—setting the stage for World War II in 1939. 4.Stock Market Crash 1987 The crash on October 19, 1987, a date that is also known as Black Monday, was the climactic culmination of a market decline that had begun five days before on October 14. The DJIA fell 3.81 percent on October 14, followed by another 4.60 percent drop on Friday October 16. On Black Monday, the Dow Jones Industrials Average plummeted 508 points, losing 22.6% of its value in one day. The S&P 500 dropped 20.4%, falling from 282.7 to 225.06. The NASDAQ Composite lost only 11.3% not because of restraint on the part of sellers but because the NASDAQ market system failed. Deluged with sell orders, many stocks on the NYSE faced trading halts and delays. Of the 2,257 NYSE-listed stocks, there were 195 trading delays and halts during the day. [2] The NASDAQ market fared much worse. Because of its reliance on a market making system that allowed market makers to withdraw from trading, liquidity in NASDAQ stocks dried up. Trading in many stocks encountered a pathological condition where the bid price for a stock exceeded the ask price. These locked conditions severely curtailed trading. On October 19, trading in Microsoft shares on the NASDAQ lasted a total of 54 minutes.The Crash was the greatest single-day loss that Wall Street had ever suffered in continuous trading up to that point. Between the start of trading on October 14 to the close on October 19, the DJIA lost 760 points, a decline of over 31 percent.5.Asia Currency Crisis 1997 The Asian Financial Crisis was a period of financial crisis that gripped much of Asia beginning in July 1997, and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown (financial contagion).The crisis started in Thailand with the financial collapse of the Thai baht caused by the decision of the Thai government to float the baht, cutting its peg to the USD, after exhaustive efforts to support it in the face of a severe financial overextension that was in part real estate driven. At the time, Thailand had acquired a burden of foreign debt that made the country effectively bankrupt even before the collapse of its currency. As the crisis spread, most of Southeast Asia and Japan saw slumping currencies, devalued stock markets and other asset prices, and a precipitous rise in private debt.[1]Though there has been general agreement on the existence of a crisis and its consequences, what is less clear is the causes of the crisis, as well as its scope and resolution. Indonesia, South Korea and Thailand were the countries most affected by the crisis. Hong Kong, Malaysia, Laos and the Philippines were also hurt by the slump. The People's Republic of China, India, Taiwan, Singapore, Brunei and Vietnam were less affected, although all suffered from a loss of demand and confidence throughout the region.6.Dot Corn Bubble Bust 2001 The dot-com bubble (or sometimes the I.T. bubble[1]) was a speculative bubble covering roughly 1995–2001 (with a climax on March 10, 2000 with the NASDAQ peaking at 5132.52) during which stock markets in Western nations saw their value increase rapidly from growth in the new Internet sector and related fields.The period was marked by the founding (and, in many cases, spectacular failure) of a group of new Internet-based companies commonly referred to as dot-coms. Companies were seeing their stock prices shoot up if they simply added an e- prefix to their name and\\\/or a .com to the end, which one author called prefix investing.[2]A combination of rapidly increasing stock prices, individual speculation in stocks, and widely available venture capital created an exuberant environment in which many of these businesses dismissed standard business models, focusing on increasing market share at the expense of the bottom line7.Global Financial Crisis 2008The global financial crisis of 2008–2009 began in July 2007[1] when a loss of confidence by investors in the value of securitized mortgages in the United States resulted in a liquidity crisis that prompted a substantial injection of capital into financial markets by the United States Federal Reserve, Bank of England and the European Central Bank.[2][3] The TED spread, an indicator of perceived credit risk in the general economy, spiked up in July 2007, remained volatile for a year, then spiked even higher in September 2008,[4] reaching a record 4.65% on October 10, 2008. In September 2008, the crisis deepened, as stock markets worldwide crashed and entered a period of high volatility, and a considerable number of banks, mortgage lenders and insurance companies failed in the following weeks.
