英国一首诗词 杰弗雷·乔叟
Cantus Troili特罗勒斯的情歌 假使爱不存在，天哪，我所感受的是什么
假使爱存在，它究竟是怎样一件东西
假使爱是好的，我的悲伤从何而降
假使爱是坏的，我却觉得稀奇， 哪管它带来多少苦难和乖戾， 它好似生命之源，竟能引起我无限快感， 使我愈喝得多，愈觉得口干舌燥。
如果我已在欢乐中活跃， 又何处来这愁诉和悲号
如果灾害能与我相容，何不破涕为笑
我要请问，既未疲劳，何以会晕倒
啊，生中之死，啊，祸害迷人真奇巧， 若不是我自己给了你许可， 你怎敢重重叠叠压在我心头。
呀
这是一种什么奇特的病效， 冷中发热，热中发冷，断送我生命
——Geoffrey Chaucer
乔叟诗歌的艺术特色
艺术特色： 乔叟对古典文学和新文学兼收并蓄，他的作品使人联想起奥维德、维吉尔、李维、波伊提乌、彼特拉克、但丁和让·德·默恩这样一些作家。
他曾将上述某些作家的作品译成当时流行的英语。
由于印刷术尚未问世，书籍还很少，乔叟经常通过口头形式来接触掌握古代文学。
他从其他作家的作品取己所需，以卓绝的叙述技巧进行再创作，使其成为不朽的篇章。
他最大的特点便是幽默，乔叟的幽默生动活泼，或恬淡尔雅，或粗犷浓郁。
简介： 杰弗雷·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer，1343年-1400年10月25日）是诗人、哲学家、炼金术士、天文学家，被称为英国文学之父，是中世纪公认为最伟大的英国诗人，也是首位葬在维斯特敏斯特教堂诗人之角（Poet of Westminster Abbey）的诗人。
杰弗雷·乔叟投身于为民服务的职业中，做过官员，侍臣和外交家。
他创作了《公爵之书》（The Book of the Duchess）、《声誉之屋》（House of Fame）、《贤妇传奇》（Lengend of Good Wife）、《托爱乐斯与克莱西达》（Troilus and Criseyde ）等作品，其中最为著名的是《坎伯雷故事集》（The Canterbury Tales）。
杰弗雷·乔叟在促进和中世纪英语白话的正统方面起着举足轻重的作用，当时的文学语言主要是法语和拉丁语。
分期： 乔叟的诗歌创作分为三个时期： ①法国影响时期（1359～1372）：主要翻译并仿效法国诗人的作品，创作了《悼公爵夫人》，用伦敦方言翻译了法国中世纪长篇叙事诗《玫瑰传奇》等。
②意大利影响时期（1372～1386）：诗人接触了资产阶级人文主义的进步思想。
这一时期的创作如《百鸟会议》、《特罗伊勒斯和克莱西德》、《好女人的故事》，反映了作者面向生活现实的创作态度和人文主义观点。
③成熟时期（1386～1400）：乔叟在这最后15年里从事《坎特伯雷故事集》的创作。
无论在内容和技巧上都达到他创作的顶峰。
他首创的英雄双韵体为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用，被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。
乔叟早期的创作受意大利和法国文学的影响。
他把法国文学中的骑士传奇、抒情诗和动物寓言故事等引入英国文学。
其早期作品《特罗勒斯和克莱西德》（1385），人物性格塑造生动细腻，语言机智幽默。
从1377年开始，乔叟多次出使欧洲大陆，接触了但丁、彼特拉克和薄伽丘等人的作品。
这些作家反封建反宗教的精神和人文主义思想，使乔叟的创作思想发生了深刻的变化，开始转向现实主义。
根据薄伽丘的一部长诗改写的叙事诗《特罗勒斯和克面西德》摈弃了梦幻和寓言的传统，代之以对现实社会中的人物和生活细节的描写，这是乔叟的第一部现实主义作品。
乔叟在他生活的最后十五年进行了《坎特伯雷故事集》（1387-1400）的创作。
这是他最杰出的作品。
杰弗雷·乔叟 英文简介
Jeffre Chaucer (Geoffrey Chaucer, about 1343 ~ 1400) British poet. Teenagers entering the court when the poor. 1359 Edward III of the French expeditionary forces, the French military was captured shortly redemption. Chaucer's close contacts with the court, when the Tingchen, customs inspectors, Kent magistrates, County House of Commons. He was foreign affairs mission to many countries and regions, visited Belgium, France, Italy and other countries, have the opportunity to meet with Pitt Baogaqiu Iraq, which his literature had a great impact. Chaucer's out of favour in the asylum, were deprived of sudden and annuities, economic constraints. He has written Dayoushi to the air bag, just to the throne Henglisishi, the Ombudsman own poverty. 1400 Chaucer's death, buried in the church Lunduiweishiminteshi Poets Corner. Chaucer's poetry writing is divided into three periods: ① France affected period (1359 to 1372): The translation and follow the example of the French poet's works, created the condolences Duchess (The Book of the Duchess (1369)), with London French translation of the medieval dialect long narrative poem Rose legend. ② Italy affected period (1372 to 1386): Poet contact with the bourgeois humanism of the progressive thinking. Creation of this period such as a five, Teluoyileishi and Kelaixide (Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385)), Good Woman of the story, reflects the reality of life for the author Humanism creative attitude and perspective. ③ maturity period (1386 to 1400): Chaucer's in the last 15 years to engage in Canterbury Tales creative. In both content and technique, have reached the pinnacle of his creation. He pioneered the two-Yun heroes for the future of the widely used by the British poet, known as the father of British Poetry. Chaucer's early works by Italy and the impact of French literature. He French literature in Cleveland legend, lyrics and animal fable, such as the introduction of English Literature. His early works, Teluoleishi and Kelaixide (1385), lively personality delicate shape, language witty humor. From 1377, Chaucer's mission to the European continent many times, contact the Dante, Pitt Baogaqiu such as Iraq and the work. These writers anti-feudal and anti-religious humanism and the spirit of thinking, to Chaucer's creative thinking has undergone profound changes, has begun to shift to realism. According to a long poem Baogaqiu rewrite the narrative poem Teluoleishi grams of the Federal Republic of Germany and get rid of the traditional fantasy and fable, replaced by the reality of social life in the figures and details of the description, this is the first Chaucer a realistic works. Chaucer's in the last 15 years of his life to the Canterbury Tales (The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400)) creation. This is his most outstanding works. Chaucer's vision and broad, profound observation, writing practices diverse and truly reflect the different social strata of life, and create a reality of the British literary tradition of Shakespeare and Dickens have an impact. Canterbury Tales is the British author Chaucer's novels. Works about a group of pilgrims gathered in a small hotel in London, for a pilgrimage to Canterbury City. The owner, who proposed the pilgrims en route from the speakers in the two stories to see for the best. Tales includes 23 stories, one of the most exciting story: Knight stresses love story of the tragedy, UNIFEM Bath story for the Cavaliers, who sold tickets for the Yom Kippur advise to the world fable, the priests say animal fable, businessmen talking about the story of a family dispute, farmers say touching love and generous spirited acts of the story. Works reflect extensive period of the capitalist budding British social life, exposing the Church's corruption, greed and hypocrisy of clerics condemned the stifling human abstinence, and affirmed the secular love lives. Canterbury Tales high artistic achievement, far more than the previous generation of British literature, the history of the British literary realism of the first model. Entries will combine humor and irony, comedy flavor, and most of them by double story of the poem written in rhyme, later had an impact on British literature. Figures clear, and lively language. Chaucer's livelier with the London dialect creation, as well as the British laid the foundation for literary language. He pioneered the two-Yun heroes for the future of the widely used by the British poet, thus Chaucer's known as the father of British Poetry. Geoffrey Chaucer's works Geoffrey Chaucer (Geoffrey Chaucer, 1340 -1400), a famous writer of medieval England, was born in a wine family. 1359 Edward III of the French expeditionary forces, the French military was captured near a gold redemption. Chaucer's when the King attendants, Chinese ambassador to many European countries, two visits to Italy, found Dante, Pitt Baogaqiu Iraq and the works of his literary creations from a great role. Masterpieces: Canterbury Tales (The Canterbury Tales) other works, a book of the Duchess (Book of the Duchess), the reputation of the Palace (The House of Fame), a five session (The Parliament of Fowles) , Yin UNIFEM legend (The Legend of Good Women), and Troilus and Ke-li west (Troilus and Criseyde). Chaucer in the October 25, 1400 in London, died buried in Westminster Abbey, the poet's corner. Chaucer's cause of death unknown, may have been murder, an expert in the study of medieval Britain's Terry Jones has a book out, Who the murder of Chaucer? . Chaucer's first to use London dialect writing, and creativity of the double hero, the British national language and a great impact on the development of literature, it praised as the Father of British Poetry.
