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时间:2017-09-13 05:59

英文诗的格式有哪些

英诗浩瀚,篇幅长短不一,长至成集,短至仅句。

为使英语学习者了解英诗,特拟此文,从实用角度阐述英诗的欣赏:诗的格律、诗的押韵、诗的体式、诗的评判。

诗以高度凝结的语言表达着人们的喜怒哀乐,用其特有的节奏与方式影响着人们的精神世界。

诗讲究联想,运用象征、比喻、拟人等各种修辞手法,形成了独特的语言艺术。

(有关修辞手法可参考相关书籍)。

一、 诗的格律 “格律是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏”,是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式,也是朗读时轻重音的依据。

而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。

重读音节为扬(重),在音节上用“-”或“ˊ”标示,非重读音节为抑(轻),在音节上用“)”标示,音步之间可用“/”隔开。

以下是五种常见格式: 1. 抑扬格(轻重格)Iambus:是最常见的一种格式,每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。

As fair \\\/ art thou \\\/ my bon\\\/nie lass, So deep \\\/ in luve \\\/ am I : And I \\\/ will luve \\\/ thee still,\\\/ my dear, Till a` \\\/ the seas \\\/ gang dry: Robert Burns(1759-1796): My Luve Is like a Red, Red Rose 注;art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a`=all gang=go 上例中为四音步与三音步交叉,可标示为:)-/)-/)-/()-) 2.扬抑格(重轻格)Trochee:每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。

下例中为四音步扬抑格(少一个轻音节),可标示为:-)/-)/-)/- Tyger!\\\/ Tyger!\\\/ burning \\\/ bright In the \\\/ forests \\\/ of the \\\/ night William Blake: The Tyger 3. 抑抑扬格(轻轻重格)Anapaestic foot: 每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。

如:三音步抑抑扬格))-/))-/))- Like a child \\\/ from the womb, Like a ghost \\\/ from the tomb, I arise \\\/ and unbuild \\\/ it again. 4. 扬抑抑格(重轻轻格)Dactylic foot: 每个音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节构成。

如:两音步扬抑抑格-))/-)) ˊTouch her not \\\/ ˊscornfully, ˊThink of her \\\/ ˊmournfully. -- Thomas Hood 5. 抑扬抑格(轻重轻格)Amphibrach:每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个非重读音节构成。

如:三音步抑扬抑格)-)/)-)/)-) 下例中最后一个音步为抑扬格。

O ˊhush thee \\\/ my ˊbabie \\\/ thy ˊsire was \\\/ a knight. 在同一首诗中常会出现不同的格律,格律解析对朗读诗歌有一定参考价值。

现代诗中常不遵守规范的格律。

二、 诗的押韵 押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗歌写作手法。

1. 尾韵:最常见,最重要的押韵方式。

1) 联韵:aabb型。

I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For, so swiftly it flew, the sight Could not follow it in its flight. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song 2) 交叉韵:abab型。

Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me! And may there be no moaning of the bar, When I put out to sea, Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar 3) 同韵:有的诗押韵,一韵到底,大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚。

如下例就共用/i:p/为韵脚。

The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. Robert Frost (1874-1963): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 2. 头韵:是指一行(节)诗中几个词开头的辅音相同,形成押韵。

下例中运用/f/、/b/与/s/头韵生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象。

The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew, The furrow followed free, We were the first that ever burst Into that silent sea. T.S. Coleridge: Rime of the Acient Mariner 3.内韵(同元音):指词与词之间原因的重复形成的内部押韵。

下面一节诗中/i/及/iη/重复照应,呈现出一派欢乐祥和的气氛。

Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’s pleasant king; Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring, Cold dath not sting, the pretty birds do sing: Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo! Thomas Nashe(1567-1601): Spring, the Sweet Spring 三、 诗的体式 有的诗分成几节(stanza),每节由若干诗行组成(每行诗均以大写字母开头);有的诗则不分节。

目前我们常见的诗体有: 1. 十四行诗 (Sonnet),源于中世纪民间抒情短诗,十三、十四世纪流行于意大利,意大利(Petrarch)为代表人物,每行十一个音节,全诗一节八行,加一节六行,韵脚用abba, abba, cdcdcd (cdecde)。

前八行提问,后六行回答。

后来,怀亚特(Thomas Wyatt,1503-1542)将十四行诗引人英国,五音步抑扬 格,全诗三个四行一个二行,前三节提问,后二句结论。

(Edmund Spenser,1552-1599)用韵脚 abab, bcbc,cdcd,ee。

(William Shakespeare,1564-1616)用韵脚abab,cdcd,dfdf,gg,称英国式或式。

举 例见本文第四部分。

2. 打油诗(Limericks):通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌,一般没有标题也无作者姓名,含有幽默讽刺性,常运用双关,内韵等手法。

每首诗五个诗行,押韵为aabba,格律以抑扬格和抑抑扬格为主。

1) There was a young lady of Nigger Who smiled as she rode on a tiger; They returned from the ride With the lady inside, And the smile on the face of the tiger. 2) A tutor who taught on the flute Tried to teach two tooters to toot, “Is it harder to toot, or Said the two to the tutor, To tutor two tooters to toot?” 3. 无韵体(Blank Verse):五音步抑扬格,不押韵诗体。

Across the watery bale , and shout again, Responsive to his call, -- with quivering peals, And long halloos, and screams, and echoes loud. Redoubled and redoubled:concourse wild Of jocund din!… William Wordsworth: There Was a Boy 4. 自由诗(Free Verse):现代诗中常见的体式,长短不同的诗行存在于同一首诗中,不讲究押韵与格律,只注重诗歌所表达的意象和传递的情感。

美国诗人Walt Whitman的<<草叶集>>(Leaves of Grass)中,就采用此格式。

例子见第四部分。

四、 诗的评判 对一首诗,个人的感受会有不同。

节奏流畅,语言精炼,联想新颖的诗可算是好诗。

堆砌词藻,一味抒发感情而无实际内容的诗,只能是下乘的诗。

二十世纪英美诗歌大量采用自由诗体,接近口语,可谓大胆创新,大概也是诗歌发展的大势所趋吧。

以下通过三首诗的分析看诗的评判。

1. That Time of Year That time of year thou may’st in me behold When yellow leaves,or none,or few, do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold, Bare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sang, In me thou see’st the twilight of such day As after sunset fadeth in the west, When by and by black night doth take away, Death’s second self, that seals up all in rest. In me thou see’st the glowing of such fire, That on the ashes of his youth doth lie. As the deathbed whereon it must expire, Consumed with that which it was nourished by. This you perceivest, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well which thou must leave ere long. Notes:may’st:may behold:see late:no long ago thou:you see’st:see fadeth:fades doth:does seals up all at rest:彻底埋葬 thy:your perceivest: perceive ere long: before long 此诗是(William Shakespeare, 1564-1616)的一首十四行诗。

作为英国文学巨匠,他以37部剧作和154首十四行诗屹立于世界文坛。

此诗为五音步抑扬格,每个诗行格律为:)-/)-/)-/)-/)-/。

全诗涉及衰老、死亡及爱情问题。

前十二行:通过描写深秋的树枝黄叶凋零,曾是百鸟争鸣的歌坛,联想到自身青春会如夕阳消逝在远方,被黑夜吞没;自身的青春会如将尽的柴火奄奄一息,被曾滋养过它的火焰焚化。

其中choirs(歌坛),deathbed(灵床)使用暗喻手法,同时又用夕阳和柴火象征人的衰老死亡。

最后两行:点题,人们对即将永别的东西会更珍惜。

本文动词变化具有明显的伊利沙白时代的特点。

2. The Daffodils I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced; but they Outdid the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed --- and gazed --- but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; Ans then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils. Notes: a crowd, a host of: many sprightly:happy glee:joy jocund:happy bliss:complete happiness pensive:sadly thoughtful (William Wordsworth,1770-1850),十九世纪初英格兰北部湖区三大“”(浪漫主义)之一。

此诗向我们描绘了一幅美好的自然景象,同时抒发作者对自然美景的喜欢。

黄水仙据说是威尔士国花(1282年,威尔士归顺英格兰,被封公国),在英国广泛栽种,春季开花,花期不长。

有许多关于黄水仙的诗歌,这首诗无疑是脱颖而出的。

全诗语言精炼,通俗易懂,四音步抑扬格,分四节(stanza),每节6行,每节押韵均为ababcc。

第一节写诗人孤寂时外出散步,偶遇水仙;第二节写水仙争相开放,千姿百态;第三节,诗人看到这景象感到欣喜异常;第四节写诗人在日后忧郁时,回想当时情景,又让他心中充满了欢乐,随着水仙跳起舞来。

3. Song of Myself I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul, I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. My tongue, every atom of my blood, form’d from this soil, this air, Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same, I, now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin, Hoping to cease not till death. Creeds and schools in abeyance, Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are, but never forgotten. I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard. Nature without check with original energy. Notes: a spear of: a piece of school:学说,流派 hazard:chance abeyance: the condition of not being in use for a certain time (Walt Whitman,1819-1892),美国诗人。

此诗选自其巨著<<草叶集>>。

本文是Song of Myself 一诗的第一部分,采用自由诗体,语言接近当时的美国口语。

文中I指作者,you指读者,这种写法使读者身临其境,进入作者描写的世界。

作者在文中表明人的价值是平等的,同时他把自己融入到自然带给他的启发思考中。

从上看出,诗歌的欣赏评判并非可望而不可及,关键要抓住诗中的意象,了解其语义,以便把握诗的大意。

纵然每个人的读后感会有不同,但每个人都会在阅读过程中感受到诗歌带来的美和精神上的共鸣。

野性的呼唤读后感

The call of the wild.You probably have you heard this call the call of the wild books, see is another matter.This is a book to animal as the main character of the novel. It reveals the true relationship between man and animal, allow the animal to restore the true face of. The call of the wild mainly tells the story of a dog into a wolf story. The hero of the novel is a named buck dog, being trafficked before, it is one of provide for oneself and live comfortably judge Miller home dog, live the life be light of heart from care; however, after being trafficked into the cold north, it had to face a completely different world. In extremely harsh reality, it shows a strong desire for survival, and dominated by this desire, managed to overcome unimaginable difficulties, become a adapt to the wilderness survival law and competitive law of sled dogs, the final response to the call of the wild, natural regression.Love and death is the eternal theme in literature. If a work is not love, only struggle, death, we may feel too bloody, too cold. The novel has such a paragraph: Thornton has a regular action, will suddenly embrace Buck's head, will rely on their heads to Buck's head back and forth, at the same time also use bad language to scold buck, Buck like these in the affectionate nickname. Buck felt than this rude to embrace and jabber condemning it happy. Every time back and forth, it has a kind of delude one to folly bliss feeling, as if the heart should jump out from the body. Thornton let go, it jumped up, mouth with a smile, a pair of eyes, no voice trembling in the throat...... This is how touching the love of the scene, between human and animal love the most incisive performance!Barker is a strong will is more worthy of praise. In humans, may be a dog's life is not worth mentioning. Then on to them from the ends of the earth and its abuse, murder cruelly...... However, this is called buck big dog, refuse to be cowed or submit it to live, overcoming unimaginable difficulties, long-lost wild dominate it, in their own favourite after his death, it is wild, become a conquest of wild wolf......This is a story about a dog, that dog is clever, vigilant, resolute, even cunning. This is a good quality, great dog! It taught me too much, too much......《野性的呼唤》读后感大概你听说过这本叫着《野性的呼唤》的书籍,看没看过就是另外一回事了。

这是一本以动物为主角的小说。

它真实地揭示了人与动物的关系,让动物的真实面貌得以还原。

《野性的呼唤》主要讲述一条家狗变成一只野狼的故事。

小说的主人公是一条名叫“巴克”的狗,在被拐卖前,它是法官米勒家中一条养尊处优的驯养犬,过着无忧无虑的生活;然而,在被拐卖到严寒的北方之后,它不得不面对一个完全不同的世界。

在极其恶劣的现实环境中,它显示出了强烈的生存欲望,并由这种欲望主宰,设法克服一切难以想象的困难,成为一只适应荒野生存规律和竞争规律的雪橇犬,最终响应荒野的召唤,回归了自然。

爱与死亡是文学永恒的主题。

如果一部作品没有了爱,有的只是斗争、死亡,我们会觉得过于血腥,过于冷酷。

小说中有这样一段:“桑顿有个经常性的动作,会猛然抱住巴克的头,将自己的脑袋依靠到巴克的头上前后摇晃,同时还用脏话去骂巴克,这些在巴克听来都是深情的昵称。

巴克觉得在也没有比这粗鲁的拥抱和叽里咕噜的骂声更让它快乐的了。

每一次来回摇晃,它都有一种如痴如醉的极乐之感,仿佛心都要从身体里跳出来一样。

桑顿一松手,它就跳起来,嘴上带着笑,一双会说话的眼睛,未发出的声音在喉咙里颤动……”这是何等感人的“爱”的场景,人与动物之间的爱恋表现的淋漓尽致

巴克是具有坚强的意志更是值得赞扬的。

对于人类来说,可能一条狗的性命不值得一提。

于是就对它们大量地极其残暴地进行虐、屠戮……然而,这条名叫“巴克”的大狗,它不屈不挠地活着,克服种种难以想象的困难,消失已久的野性主宰着它,在自己最钟爱的主人死后,它回归荒野,成为一只征服荒野的头狼……这是一只关于狗的故事,那只狗聪明、机警、坚毅,甚至狡猾。

这是一只具有优秀品质,了不起的狗

它教会我的太多、太多……

如何做英美诗歌鉴赏题

Types of Poetry英美诗歌鉴赏,既然是诗歌,还是应该从以下几方面入手:1、诗歌的类型2、Images意象Figures of Speech3、修辞Sound of Poetry4、诗的音律Forms of Poetry5、诗歌的形式简单来说,鉴赏诗就三步。

写什么(意象、意境);怎么写的(艺术手法);抒发诗人什么情感

如何赏析一首英文诗歌

英诗的欣赏:诗的格律、诗的押韵、诗的体式、诗的评判。

诗以高度凝结的语言表达着人们的喜怒哀乐,用其特有的节奏与方式影响着人们的精神世界。

诗讲究联想,运用象征、比喻、拟人等各种修辞手法,形成了独特的语言艺术。

一、 诗的格律 “格律是指可以用脚打拍子的节奏”,是每个音步轻重音节排列的格式,也是朗读时轻重音的依据。

而音步是由重读音节和非重读音节构成的诗的分析单位。

重读音节为扬(重),在音节上用“-”或“?”标示,非重读音节为抑(轻),在音节上用“?”标示,音步之间可用“/”隔开。

以下是五种常见格式:1. 抑扬格(轻重格)Iambus:是最常见的一种格式,每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。

As fair \\\/ art thou \\\/ my bon\\\/nie lass,So deep \\\/ in luve \\\/ am I :And I \\\/ will luve \\\/ thee still,\\\/ my dear, Till a` \\\/ the seas \\\/ gang dry:Robert Burns(1759-1796): My Luve Is like a Red, Red Rose注;art=are luve=love bonnie=beautiful a`=all gang=go上例中为四音步与三音步交叉,可标示为:?-/?-/?-/(?-)2.扬抑格(重轻格)Trochee:每个音步由一个重读音节加一个非重读音节构成。

下例中为四音步扬抑格(少一个轻音节),可标示为:-?/-?/-?/-Tyger

\\\/ Tyger

\\\/ burning \\\/ brightIn the \\\/ forests \\\/ of the \\\/ nightWilliam Blake: The Tyger3. 抑抑扬格(轻轻重格)Anapaestic foot: 每个音步由两个非重读音节加一个重读音节构成。

如:三音步抑抑扬格??-/??-/??-Like a child \\\/ from the womb,Like a ghost \\\/ from the tomb,I arise \\\/ and unbuild \\\/ it again.4. 扬抑抑格(重轻轻格)Dactylic foot: 每个音步由一个重读音节加两个非重读音节构成。

如:两音步扬抑抑格-??/-???Touch her not \\\/ ?scornfully,?Think of her \\\/ ?mournfully.- Thomas Hood5. 抑扬抑格(轻重轻格)Amphibrach:每个音步由一个非重读音节加一个重读音节再加一个非重读音节构成。

如:三音步抑扬抑格?-?/?-?/?-?下例中最后一个音步为抑扬格。

O ?hush thee \\\/ my ?babie \\\/ thy ?sire was \\\/ a knight.在同一首诗中常会出现不同的格律,格律解析对朗读诗歌有一定参考价值。

现代诗中常不遵守规范的格律。

二、 诗的押韵押韵是指通过重复元音或辅音以达到一定音韵效果的诗歌写作手法。

1. 尾韵:最常见,最重要的押韵方式。

1) 联韵:aabb型。

I shot an arrow into the air,It fell to earth, I knew not where;For, so swiftly it flew, the sightCould not follow it in its flight.Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: The Arrow and the Song2) 交叉韵:abab型。

Sunset and evening star,And one clear call for me

And may there be no moaning of the bar,When I put out to sea,Alfred Tennyson(1809-1892): Crossing the Bar3) 同韵:有的诗押韵,一韵到底,大多是在同一节诗中共用一个韵脚。

如下例就共用/i:p/为韵脚。

The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep.Robert Frost (1874-1963): Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening2. 头韵:是指一行(节)诗中几个词开头的辅音相同,形成押韵。

下例中运用/f/、/b/与/s/头韵生动写出了船在海上轻快航行的景象。

The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,The furrow followed free,We were the first that ever burstInto that silent sea.T.S. Coleridge: Rime of the Acient Mariner3.内韵(同元音):指词与词之间原因的重复形成的内部押韵。

下面一节诗中/i/及/iη/重复照应,呈现出一派欢乐祥和的气氛。

Spring, the sweet spring, is the year‘s pleasant king;Then blooms each thing, then maids dance in a ring,Cold dath not sting, the pretty birds do sing:Cuckoo,jug-jug,pu-we,to-witta-woo

Thomas Nashe(1567-1601): Spring, the Sweet Spring三、 诗的体式有的诗分成几节(stanza),每节由若干诗行组成(每行诗均以大写字母开头);有的诗则不分节。

目前我们常见的诗体有:1. 十四行诗(Sonnet),源于中世纪民间抒情短诗,十三、十四世纪流行于意大利,意大利彼特拉克(Petrarch)为代表人物,每行十一个音节,全诗一节八行,加一节六行,韵脚用abba, abba, cdcdcd (cdecde)。

前八行提问,后六行回答。

后来,怀亚特(ThomasWyatt,1503-1542)将十四行诗引人英国,五音步抑扬格,全诗三个四行一个二行,前三节提问,后二句结论。

斯宾塞(EdmundSpenser,1552-1599)用韵脚 abab, bcbc,cdcd,ee.莎士比亚(WilliamShakespeare,1564-1616)用韵脚abab,cdcd,dfdf,gg,称英国式或莎士比亚式。

举例见本文第四部分。

2. 打油诗(Limericks):通常是小笑话甚至是胡诌,一般没有标题也无作者姓名,含有幽默讽刺性,常运用双关,内韵等手法。

每首诗五个诗行,押韵为aabba,格律以抑扬格和抑抑扬格为主。

1) There was a young lady of NiggerWho smiled as she rode on a tiger;They returned from the rideWith the lady inside,And the smile on the face of the tiger.2) A tutor who taught on the fluteTried to teach two tooters to toot,“Is it harder to toot, orSaid the two to the tutor,To tutor two tooters to toot

“3. 无韵体(Blank Verse):五音步抑扬格,不押韵诗体。

Across the watery bale , and shout again,Responsive to his call, - with quivering peals,And long halloos, and screams, and echoes loud.Redoubled and redoubled:concourse wildOf jocund din

…William Wordsworth: There Was a Boy4. 自由诗(FreeVerse):现代诗中常见的体式,长短不同的诗行存在于同一首诗中,不讲究押韵与格律,只注重诗歌所表达的意象和传递的情感。

美国诗人WaltWhitman的>(Leaves of Grass)中,就采用此格式。

例子见第四部分。

四、 诗的评判对一首诗,个人的感受会有不同。

节奏流畅,语言精炼,联想新颖的诗可算是好诗。

堆砌词藻,一味抒发感情而无实际内容的诗,只能是下乘的诗。

二十世纪英美诗歌大量采用自由诗体,接近口语,可谓大胆创新,大概也是诗歌发展的大势所趋吧。

以下通过三首诗的分析看诗的评判。

1. That Time of YearThat time of year thou may‘st in me beholdWhen yellow leaves,or none,or few, do hangUpon those boughs which shake against the cold,Bare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sang,In me thou see‘st the twilight of such dayAs after sunset fadeth in the west,When by and by black night doth take away,Death‘s second self, that seals up all in rest.In me thou see‘st the glowing of such fire,That on the ashes of his youth doth lie.As the deathbed whereon it must expire,Consumed with that which it was nourished by.This you perceivest, which makes thy love more strong,To love that well which thou must leave ere long.Notes:may‘st:may behold:see late:no long ago thou:you see’st:seefadeth:fades doth:does seals up all at rest:彻底埋葬thy:your perceivest: perceive ere long: before long此诗是莎士比亚(William Shakespeare, 1564-1616)的一首十四行诗。

作为英国文学巨匠,他以37部剧作和154首十四行诗屹立于世界文坛。

此诗为五音步抑扬格,每个诗行格律为:?-/?-/?-/?-/?-/。

全诗涉及衰老、死亡及爱情问题。

前十二行:通过描写深秋的树枝黄叶凋零,曾是百鸟争鸣的歌坛,联想到自身青春会如夕阳消逝在远方,被黑夜吞没;自身的青春会如将尽的柴火奄奄一息,被曾滋养过它的火焰焚化。

其中choirs(歌坛),deathbed(灵床)使用暗喻手法,同时又用夕阳和柴火象征人的衰老死亡。

最后两行:点题,人们对即将永别的东西会更珍惜。

本文动词变化具有明显的伊利沙白时代的特点。

2. The DaffodilsI wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o‘er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the Milky Way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced; but theyOutdid the sparkling waves in glee:A poet could not but be gay,In such a jocund company:I gazed - and gazed - but little thoughtWhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;Ans then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.Notes: a crowd, a host of: many sprightly:happy glee:joyjocund:happy bliss:complete happiness pensive:sadly thoughtful华兹华斯(WilliamWordsworth,1770-1850),十九世纪初英格兰北部湖区三大“湖畔派诗人”(浪漫主义)之一。

此诗向我们描绘了一幅美好的自然景象,同时抒发作者对自然美景的喜欢。

黄水仙据说是威尔士国花(1282年,威尔士归顺英格兰,被封公国),在英国广泛栽种,春季开花,花期不长。

有许多关于黄水仙的诗歌,这首诗无疑是脱颖而出的。

全诗语言精炼,通俗易懂,四音步抑扬格,分四节(stanza),每节6行,每节押韵均为ababcc.第一节写诗人孤寂时外出散步,偶遇水仙;第二节写水仙争相开放,千姿百态;第三节,诗人看到这景象感到欣喜异常;第四节写诗人在日后忧郁时,回想当时情景,又让他心中充满了欢乐,随着水仙跳起舞来。

3. Song of MyselfI celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.My tongue, every atom of my blood, form‘d from this soil, this air,Born ere of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same,I, now thirty seven years old in perfect health begin,Hoping to cease not till death.Creeds and schools in abeyance,Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are, but never forgotten.I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard.Nature without check with original energy.Notes: a spear of: a piece of school:学说,流派 hazard:chanceabeyance: the condition of not being in use for a certain time惠特曼(Walt Whitman,1819-1892),美国诗人。

此诗选自其巨著。

本文是Song of Myself 一诗的第一部分,采用自由诗体,语言接近当时的美国口语。

文中I指作者,you指读者,这种写法使读者身临其境,进入作者描写的世界。

作者在文中表明人的价值是平等的,同时他把自己融入到自然带给他的启发思考中。

从上看出,诗歌的欣赏评判并非可望而不可及,关键要抓住诗中的意象,了解其语义,以便把握诗的大意。

纵然每个人的读后感会有不同,但每个人都会在阅读过程中感受到诗歌带来的美和精神上的共鸣。

<<历史的选择>>征文400字与故事,急用!!!!!!!!!谢了

自第一只猿猴从树上来到地面,历史就将统治芸芸众生的权力交给了人类。

从人类在地球上出现的那一刻,我们的祖先便开始了选择,在选择中前进,在选择中走向文明…… “生存还是死亡,这是一个重大的问题。

”当把选择权交给胆小懦弱者手中,他便会在不可预知的危险面前畏首畏尾,在消极颓废中等待死神的召唤。

诚然,生命是宝贵的,但是消失了光芒、没有灵魂的生命却早已陨落。

于是,“生死不能兼得,舍生取义也”的豪情成为了千百万仁人志士的选择。

但是当你面对选择时,除了保持一份谨慎之外,你还应该果断地面对。

一味的犹豫与退缩,只会交出你选择的主动权,放弃书写你自己精彩人生的权利。

尽管选择是痛苦的,但是有选择的权利亦是幸福的,希望你珍惜自己的权利。

选择是一面镜子,你可以在选择中逐渐找到自己今后人生努力的方向。

选择如同迷宫的入口,尽管前方充满着未知、布满了荆棘与曲折,但是只有经过这个入口,你才能感受到人生的精彩。

“大江东去浪淘尽,千古风流人物”。

历史的选择虽有正确与谬误,但通过选择的历史,我们可以看到历史发展的规律,看清这个大千世界的真面目…… 我愿意直面历史的选择、选择的历史……

quality john galsworthy 的technic 分析。

我谷歌百度了很久找不到。

英美文学我要做PPT

Tired, miserable even bored is the way that many people feel when they wake up in the morning to get ready for work. Even the very thought of work puts some people in a bad mood. Others may not mind work but still do not look forward to going. It is a rare occasion to find someone who is completely satisfied with his or her career. However, for one man, work is bliss.Yah, we can see in Quality by Galsworthy , Gessler, the shoemaker, is shown to be a man of integrity and of complete dedication to his work. the story of the hopeless struggle of good craftsmanship against low-price industry. Mr. Gessler had his own shoe business where he made leather boots. His dedication is shown through the fact that, He made only what was ordered, never taking ready-made shoes down from the shelf. He wanted each pair of boots to be a custom fit to each individual and for every pair he made, he used a pattern taken from the customer's foot size. One day the narrator of the story walked into Mr. Galsworthy's shop wearing a pair of boots from a big business. Mr. Gessler noticed them right away and after a short time he said, Dey get id all, dey get id by advertisement, nod by work. Dey take it away from us, who lofe our boots.Later in the story, the reader comes to find out that Mr. Gessler is forced to sacrifice half of his shop to a big business. He continued to make his boots for the same price and with the same amount of painstaking work. He must be truly dedicated in order to love his business unconditionally.Mr. Gessler spent such an incredible amount of time preparing the shoes, never trying to forget the process, in order to make them as perfect as possible and because of this, he stood behind all of his work. The narrator, absent-minded of the fact that Mr.Gessler was so passionate about his boots once said to him, Mr. Gessler, that last pair of boots creaked, you know. Angered by the boy's comment, Mr. Gessler said, Zend dem back! I will look at dem. He went on to say, Zome boods, are bad from birdt. If I can do noding wid dem, I dake dem off your bill. Not only does this show dedication, but also integrity because he was honest about his work and wanted to satisfy his customer.Near the end of the story, the narrator comes back to Mr.Gessler's shop after a long hiatus, only to find out that Mr. Gessler was no longer alive. When he questioned the worker about his death the man said, Slow starvation, the doctor called it. You see, he went to work in such a way!… Never gave 'imself time to eat; never had a penny in the house. All went in rent and leather… He regular let his fire go out…But he made good boots. That last sentence was the meaning of the whole story. Mr. Gessler dedicated his life to making boots. No matter what he had to sacrifice, including his life, he was willing to do it for the love of his work. Even in his last few days of life, he never stopped making boots, and he even finished the narrator's boots before he died.Mr. Gessler indeed was a man of integrity and dedication. His dedication was shown through his struggle to please every customer, and his integrity was shown through his honest way of life and his credibility in his work. In his mind, the needs of his customers more important than his own, and when he was no longer in business, he had no reason to go on living. 这篇文章主要描述了一个男人以自己所做的卑微工作为荣誉,人生意义只存在于追求质量、满足他人需求,对工作的热爱近乎于病态,离了工作就失了一切。

这是篇读后感外加人物分析,希望你能满意。

求,风中奇缘读后感

威廉·华兹华斯   华兹华斯(1770~1850)英国诗人,与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。

华兹华斯生于律师之家,少孤,就学于剑桥大学,1790年和1791年两次赴法。

当时正是法国大革命的年代,年轻的华兹华斯对革命深表同情与向往。

回国后不久,局势剧变,华兹华斯对法国大革命的态度渐趋保守,最后,终于成为安享“桂冠诗人”称号的前浪漫主义诗人。

  华兹华斯的诗以描写自然风光、田园景色、乡民村姑、少男少女闻名于世。

文笔朴素清新,自然流畅,一反新古典主义平板、典雅的风格,开创了新鲜活泼的浪漫主义诗风。

1798年华兹华斯与柯尔律治共同发表的《抒情歌谣集》宣告了浪漫主义新诗的诞生。

华兹华斯在1800年《抒情歌谣集》第二版的序言中详细阐述了浪漫主义新诗的理论,主张以平民的语言抒写平民的事物、思想与感情,被誉为浪漫主义诗歌的宣言。

此后,华兹华斯的诗歌在深度与广度方面得到进一步的发展,在描写自然风光、平民事物之中寓有深意,寄托着自我反思和人生探索的哲理思维。

完成于1805年、发表于1850年的长诗《序曲》则是他最具有代表性的作品。

  华兹华斯诗才最旺盛的时期是1797至1807年的10年。

其后佳作不多,到1843年被任命为“桂冠诗人”时已经没有什么作品了。

然而纵观他的一生,其诗歌成就是突出的,不愧为继莎士比亚、弥尔顿之后的一代大家。

华兹华斯诗歌的艺术成就  他不仅创立理论,而且本人就实践理论。

他与柯尔律治合作的《抒情歌谣集》这本小书所开始的,不止是他们两人的文学生涯,而是一整个英国浪漫主义诗歌运动。

对于中国读者,华兹华斯却不是一个十分熟悉的名字。

能读英文的人当然都看过他的若干小诗,如《孤独的割麦女》,但不懂英文的人却对他的诗没有多少印象,原因之一是他的诗不好译——哲理诗比叙事诗难译,而华兹华斯写得朴素、清新,也就更不好译了。

原因之二是,他曾被评为“反动的浪漫主义”的代表,因此不少人未读他的作品,就已对其人有了反感。

还有一个原因可能是:他那类写大自然的诗在我国并不罕见,他的思想也类似老庄,因此人们对他无新奇感。

但他是值得一读的。

除了历史上的重要性之外,他有许多优点,例如写得明白如话,但是内容并不平淡,而是常有神来之笔,看似普通的道理,却是同高度的激情结合的。

法国大革命就曾深深激动了他,使他后来写下这样的名句:   幸福呵,活在那个黎明之中,   年轻人更是如进天堂

  ——《序曲》第十一章   他的山水诗极其灵秀,名句如:我好似一朵孤独的流云。

他的爱情诗,如与一位名叫露西的姑娘有关的几首,也是极其真挚,极其动人,无一行俗笔,用清新的文字写出了高远的意境。

他能将复杂深奥的思想准确地、清楚地表达出来,民歌体的小诗写得精妙,白体无韵诗的运用更在他的手里达到了新的高峰,出现了宛转说理的长长诗段。

用这样的诗段他写出了长诗《丁登寺旁》,表达了大自然给他的安慰和灵感;接着又经营多年,写出了一整本诗体自传,题名《序曲——一个诗人心灵的成长》,开创了自传诗的新形式。

在十四行诗方面,他将密尔顿的豪放诗风发扬光大,用雄迈的笔调写出了高昂的激情,例如这样的呼唤:   啊,回来吧,快把我们扶挽,   给我们良风,美德,力量,自由

  你的灵魂是独立的明星,   你的声音如大海的波涛,   你纯洁如天空,奔放,崇高……   这是过去以写爱情为主的十四行诗中罕见之笔,也说明两位爱好自由的大诗人如何心心相印

总之,华兹华斯诗路广,意境高,精辟,深刻,令人沉思,令人向上,而又一切出之于清新的文字,确是英文诗里三或四个最伟大的诗人之一。

只是他后期诗才逐渐枯竭,所作变得冗长沉闷,又使人无限惋惜。

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