中西方人文传统的相似性
《西方人文主义传统》是一部篇幅适中、深入浅出的西方思想史读本。
作者以“人文主义”概念为核心，对文艺复兴以降的西方思想源流进行了一番高屋建瓴的梳理。
《西方人文主义传统》分为绪论、文艺复兴、启蒙运动、十九世纪、二十世纪和新世纪展望六个部分，所涉及的内容跨越了哲学、文学、历史学、社会学、政治学、心理学和艺术史等诸多领域，具有集“博”与“精”于一身的特点。
无论是精于一域的专家学者，还是爱好人文的普通读者，都能够从中得到自己的收获。
全英文的名著读书报告4篇
1. 简爱 Oliver Twist, one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens’, is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century. The author who himself was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London. The hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, an orphan, who was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. He suffered enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse. While reading the tragic experiences of the little Oliver, I was shocked by his sufferings. I felt for the poor boy, but at the same time I detested the evil Fagin and the brutal Bill. To my relief, as was written in all the best stories, the goodness eventually conquered devil and Oliver lived a happy life in the end. One of the plots that attracted me most is that after the theft, little Oliver was allowed to recover in the kind care of Mrs. Maylie and Rose and began a new life. He went for walks with them, or Rose read to him, and he worked hard at his lessons. He felt as if he had left behind forever the world of crime and hardship and poverty. How can such a little boy who had already suffered oppressive affliction remain pure in body and mind? The reason is the nature of goodness. I think it is the most important information implied in the novel by Dickens-he believed that goodness could conquer every difficulty. Although I don’t think goodness is omnipotent, yet I do believe that those who are kind-hearted live more happily than those who are evil-minded. For me, the nature of goodness is one of the most necessary character for a person. Goodness is to humans what water is to fish. He who is without goodness is an utterly worthless person. On the contrary, as the famous saying goes, ‘The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose’, he who is with goodness undoubtedly is a happy and useful person. People receiving his help are grateful to him and he also gets gratified from what he has done, and thus he can do good to both the people he has helped and himself. To my disappointment, nowadays some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity. They look down on people’s honesty and kindness, thinking it foolish of people to be warm-hearted. As a result, they show no sympathy to those who are in trouble and seldom offer to help others. On the other hand, they attach importance to money and benefit. In their opinion, money is the only real object while emotions and morality are nihility. If they cannot get profit from showing their ‘kindness’, they draw back when others are faced with trouble and even hit a man when he is down. They are one of the sorts that I really detest. Francis Bacon said in his essay, ‘Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.’ That is to say a person without goodness is destined to lose everything. Therefore, I, a kind person, want to tell those ‘vermin-to-be’ to learn from the kind Oliver and regain the nature of goodness.2.双城记 After reading A tale of two cities A tale of two cities is one of Dickens's most important representative works.The novel profoundly exposed the society contradiction before the French Revolution,intensely attacks the aristocratic social class is dissolute and cruel,and sincerely sympathizes with the depressed classes.The novel also described many magnificent scenes like the revolt people attacked Bastille and so on,which displayed people's great strength. The novel has portrayed many different people. Doctor Manette is honest and kind but suffers the persecution actually ， Lucie is beautiful and gentle ，Charles is graceful and noble，Lorry is upright and honest ，Sydney is semblance of indifferent, innermost feelings of warm,unconventional but also selfless and lofty，Miss Pross is straightforward and loyal，Evremonde brothers are cruel and sinister......The complex hatred is hard to solve, the cruel revenge has made more hatreds, loves rebirth in the hell edge,but take the life as the price. As an outstanding writer,in Dickens's work,the language skill is essential.Each kind of rhetoric technique,like the analogy,the exaggeration,the contrast,the humorous,and the taunt are handled skillfully,and the artistry of the work is also delivered the peak.A tale of two cities has its difference with the general historical novel, its character and the main plot are all fictionalizes.With the broad real background of the French Revolution,the author take the fictional character Doctor Manette's experience as the main clue,interweaves the unjust charge, love and revenge three independences but also incident cross-correlation stories together,the plot is criss-crossed,and the clue is complex.The author use insert narrates,foreshadowing,upholstery and so many techniques,causes the structure integrity and strictness,the plot winding anxious and rich of theatrical nature,it displayed the remarkable artistic skill.the style A tale of two cities is solemnity and melancholy,fills indignantion,but lacks the humor of the early works.3.老人与海 This year summer vacation, I read the American well-known writer Hemingway's novel old person and sea . I extremely admire in the novel the senior fisherman's will, he let me understand one person certainly must have relentless spirit, only then could obtain successfully. The novel description is one year near sixty years of age senior fisherman, when alone goes to sea in one fishing, fished one big fish, actually did not pull. The senior fisherman socialized several days after the fish, only then discovered this was the big marlin which one surpassed the oneself fishing boat several fold, although knew perfectly well very difficult to win, but still did not give up. Afterwards and further because in the big marlin wound fish fishy smell brought in several crowds of shark fish snatches the food, but the old person still did not hope like this to give up, finally highlighted encircles tightly, returned to the big fish belt the fishing port, lets other fishermen not admire already. When I read the senior fisherman think: Here to the seacoast really was too near, perhaps could have a bigger fish in a farther place... When, I extremely admire this senior fisherman, because he by now already projected on some fish, but he had not settled to the present situation, but was approaches the bigger goal advance. Again has a look us, usually meets one slightly is difficult, we all complain incessantly. We will be the motherland future, will be supposed to like this old person same mind lofty aspiration, will even better pursue even better, the bigger goal. When I read the big marlin start fast to gather round the young fishing boat hover, twined the cable on the mast, the old person right hand lifted up high the steel fork, leapt the water surface in it the flash, did utmost throws to its heart, one wail ended the big fish's life, it was static static floats on the water surface... When, my heart also liked together the big stone falls. I extremely admire old person that kind do not dread, the relentless spirit, although knows the match strength is very strong, but he not slightly flinches, but is welcomes difficultly above. Just because had this kind of spirit, the senior fisherman only then achieved this life and death contest success. We also must study senior fisherman's spirit in life, handles the matter does not fear the difficulty, only then can obtain successfully. Was reading the big fish's smell of blood is smelled by one crowd of shark fish, struggled swims snatches the food, old person's left hand happen to in the convulsions, he only could use the right hand, with wooden stick， the mouth and so on all was allowed to use for the weapon self-defense which attacked, and finally expelled this crowd of shark fish. But the big fish's meat was already eaten one most, but the old person also charmingly criticized oneself the left hand this work time actually was resting time, I also was subdued by the old person optimistic spirit. In the life, some losses are inevitable, we should treat by the optimistic manner, cannot be calculating. Finally, the novel sees by one youth the senior fisherman fully has 18 foot long big marlin in the measure, once more described this fish's hugeness, explained senior fisherman overcomes the difficulty was big, non- was more common than. The novel eulogized the spirit which the senior fisherman fear hard and dangerous diligently did not struggle, we also should like his such, could not satisfy the present situation, should positively to above, do any matter all is relentless, meets difficultly must welcome difficultly above, could give up halfway in no way. Only has this, we only then can obtain a bigger success and the victory. 4.雾都孤儿 To Regain the Nature of Goodness -- Review of ‘Oliver Twist’ Oliver Twist, one of the most famous works of Charles Dickens’, is a novel reflecting the tragic fact of the life in Britain in 18th century. The author who himself was born in a poor family wrote this novel in his twenties with a view to reveal the ugly masks of those cruel criminals and to expose the horror and violence hidden underneath the narrow and dirty streets in London. The hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, an orphan, who was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. He suffered enormous pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating and abuse. While reading the tragic experiences of the little Oliver, I was shocked by his sufferings. I felt for the poor boy, but at the same time I detested the evil Fagin and the brutal Bill. To my relief, as was written in all the best stories, the goodness eventually conquered devil and Oliver lived a happy life in the end. One of the plots that attracted me most is that after the theft, little Oliver was allowed to recover in the kind care of Mrs. Maylie and Rose and began a new life. He went for walks with them, or Rose read to him, and he worked hard at his lessons. He felt as if he had left behind forever the world of crime and hardship and poverty. How can such a little boy who had already suffered oppressive affliction remain pure in body and mind? The reason is the nature of goodness. I think it is the most important information implied in the novel by Dickens-he believed that goodness could conquer every difficulty. Although I don’t think goodness is omnipotent, yet I do believe that those who are kind-hearted live more happily than those who are evil-minded. For me, the nature of goodness is one of the most necessary character for a person. Goodness is to humans what water is to fish. He who is without goodness is an utterly worthless person. On the contrary, as the famous saying goes, ‘The fragrance always stays in the hand that gives the rose’, he who is with goodness undoubtedly is a happy and useful person. People receiving his help are grateful to him and he also gets gratified from what he has done, and thus he can do good to both the people he has helped and himself. To my disappointment, nowadays some people seem to doubt the existence of the goodness in humanity. They look down on people’s honesty and kindness, thinking it foolish of people to be warm-hearted. As a result, they show no sympathy to those who are in trouble and seldom offer to help others. On the other hand, they attach importance to money and benefit. In their opinion, money is the only real object while emotions and morality are nihility. If they cannot get profit from showing their ‘kindness’, they draw back when others are faced with trouble and even hit a man when he is down. They are one of the sorts that I really detest. Francis Bacon said in his essay, ‘Goodness, of all virtues and dignities of the mind, is the greatest, being the character of the Deity, and without it, man is a busy, mischievous, wretched thing, no better than a kind of vermin.’ That is to say a person without goodness is destined to lose everything. Therefore, I, a kind person, want to tell those ‘vermin-to-be’ to learn from the kind Oliver and regain the nature of goodness.
历史的选择 中学生读本 选一篇写650左右的读后感。
急啊
没有正襟危坐地写过书评.是看着刚刚台上书页的西方美术史五讲》.感受着书中鲜活的生命和多彩的画卷.思绪万千.眼前突然闳现出巴黎卢浮宫参现时的另一幕:一个火着嗓的导游用汉语对昔?群国人说:主要就看三件,胜利女神雕像,断臂维纳斯和蒙哪丽莎.当然谁都知道.它啊足卢浮宫的镇宫之宝,不可错过,但至迟从8世纪后期卢浮宫的'物室开始直到现.持续两二百年的艺术品收藏,早已使卢浮富成为世界上屈指可数的走馆.名牖汇聚,浩如烟海只看件,岂不足太过粗略?当然也听到过略带法语.音的汉语导游领着一队国人,:足绘莳厅法国巨匠大卫油画前,从时尚的新古典主义细细逋束猜想这样的一批观者.当是啦该会皎为手头选本西方美术史五讲的挚诚睦着的的确与西方人自幼就通过教鼗艺术熏习,开放的博物馆课堂乃至多姿的街头艺术等形式熟知自古而今的西方美术相比.中国人只能更多地借助校园课堂与读本了解相对陌生的异域文化.就此而论,我们感谢着者与出版社,给读者呈上了这样一部纵贯古今,赅括有度的好书我]道,在俸质人类学上,学者们确立现代人的标尺之一是伴之以大量的洞穴壁画和塑到艺术这类反映人类智力突进的现象,从这个意义上说,人类美术史的诞生是与现代人的出现同步的,其历史之悠长也就毋庸多论.若以每周一讲的速率计,西方美术史十五讲刚好是大学大致一个学期的谋程.以四个月的时间上求索数万年,不能不说其纵踌之大.再就其幅员广阔沦,尽管西方美术史是以中国西部的欧洲为主线的,但以欧洲地域的广阔,地理的复杂以及历史与文化进程的差异论,其所呈现的美术发展态势也是迥异的异彩纷呈的.也许着者始韧面临的两难是,如何以有限的篇幅浓缩广阙无垠的艺术世界以及与之相伴的人类心灵智慧.令人欣喜的是,眼前这部西方美术史十五讲*,很好地谐谰了西方美术史中的博与约.它先以绪论的形式,向读者阐述了艺术的旨意与属性以及其形体色彩线条诸要素,使读者在未进入美术欣赏之前,就有一个相应的知识准备,并开始艺术何_为的思索历程.然后顺着西方美术史发展的流线,蓝色的爱琴文明开始,直至20世纪的现代美术,其阃所经悠民迭宕的古代希腊与罗马美术,中世纪的艺术样式文艺复兴的绘画雕塑与建筑,近代不同国度与地域的美术流派和现代主义美术等等,读米有脚流观乎下的酣畅淋漓感.我们当然知道,历史发展历来不是单薄盼,线性的,而是丰满曲折的,但大凡讨论与历史有关的问脚,部必须回到一定的时空框架内,构筑起相应的纵横坐标,其中纵向表现的是时训流变.横向传达的是空闻与并列关系.梳理繁复的历史与文化现象的方法之一,是首先理出一个简约而清晰的框架,枵不同时空的文化事件与人物各就其位,随着人们对历史感悟与体验的深入,这个相对单线的纵横坐标便会渐丰满,复杂多姿起来.从这个角度论,《西方美术史^五讲成功构筑了一个西方美术史发展大略的纵横坐标,引你步人漫漫艺术长廊.美苑006年第1期当然,如果徒有宏阔的结构而缺乏内涵的深度,十五讲就将仅仅是一部概略的西方美术史书,其可读性也就会大打折扣.着者成功的是,舍去冗长的历史背景,艺术运动以及一切枝蔓的叙述,直指构建美术史的人,且在历史上或如北极长明,或似流星划过的众多美术家中,只撷取不同时期与地域中最具代表性者,用笔或浓妆或淡抹,但总能向读者娓娓道来,使你在兴趣盎然中,熟知乔托的觉醒,波提切利的韵昧,达芬奇的纯正,米开朗基罗的激越,拉斐尔的优雅,乔尔乔内的建树,提香的追求和丁托列托的视角,感受布勒格尔的气质,丢勒的才情,普桑的力度,华托的情调,大卫的理想,安格尔的形式,德拉克罗瓦的激情和马奈的光影.而且,在文本中作者还总不忘为每一位艺术家配上一幅肖像,以期为读者提供一个直面艺术家个体并由此洞悉其内心世界的门径.无论中外,美术史的大宗总是林林总总的美术作品,由于这些作品往往是不同时期政治的,社会的,神话的,宗教的,哲学的或文艺的综合,表现在其中的内涵与图像亦就深邃而丰富,解读图像,阐释内涵遂而成为美术史研究的基本方法论之一,也构成对美术史家的巨大挑战.翻阅各类美术史读本,释析作品内涵与图像大都会占有相当篇幅,而不同的解读人对图像深邃意义的探知与体验又会有相当的差异,从而展现出图像意义多重性的魅力.((西方美术史十五讲》作者虽亦将写作重点放在美术名作的赏析与评品上,但他避免对艺术大师众多作品的泛泛而论,而只取其重之又重者,不吝笔墨,从容道来,使读者对历史上如雷贯耳的名人名作留下至深印象.大凡历史上的美术作品,总是或具宗教内涵,政治说教,道德讽喻,或表达个人情感与艺术追求,突现技法技巧等等.在具体作品的阐释中,作者往往首先会为读者提供一个理解作品的简骸的知识背景,包括人文的,心理的,社会的,艺术家个体的等等;其次集西方美术史家研究之大成,将各种已知的,可能理解作品的途径提示给读者,展现出一个多视角,多维度的认知视界;复次对图像各要素进行精当的分析,以华彩而又凝练的文字描述,饶有兴致的故事叙说美苑2096年第1期书评以及极富个性的语言风采,启迪读者的艺术灵智,向人们敞开一扇共探艺术玄机与美妙的大门.最后,除图像阐释外,注重调动画面一切表现的,技艺的要素,将读者视野拓及甚至是画外的表现空间,使人们在谙悉图像主题与寓意,理解作品形式语言与内涵关系的同时,理清历史各时期艺术表现语言的发展流脉,考索图像而外的,更为广阔的人类精神世界,进而挖掘艺术作品深邃的意义.对书中的众多名品,如贝里尼《众神之宴)),提香((巴科斯和阿里阿德涅》,委罗内塞迦拿婚礼》,博斯((愚人之船》,布勒格尔通天塔》,((尼德兰的寓言》,小荷尔拜因使节》等等,作者都不吝笔墨,对其中的或宗教故事,神话寓言,或世俗生活,民间风情,做精微细致的分析与介绍,对耐人寻味的画面细节做生动可信的描述与阐发.至于像普桑((阿卡迪亚的牧羊人》,伦勃朗((巡夜》,大卫(《贺拉斯兄弟的宣誓》,贝尼尼《阿波罗与达弗涅》,席里柯((梅杜萨之筏》,德拉克罗瓦((萨尔丹那帕勒斯之死》,毕加索((格尔尼卡》这类绘画,雕塑上的巨幅宏篇,更是倾尽笔力,进行全面深入的分析与探讨.无可否认,
语文是什么
《西方人文主义传统》是一部篇幅适中、深入浅出的西方思想史读本。
作者以“人文主义”概念为核心，对文艺复兴以降的西方思想源流进行了一番高屋建瓴的梳理。
《西方人文主义传统》分为绪论、文艺复兴、启蒙运动、十九世纪、二十世纪和新世纪展望六个部分，所涉及的内容跨越了哲学、文学、历史学、社会学、政治学、心理学和艺术史等诸多领域，具有集“博”与“精”于一身的特点。
无论是精于一域的专家学者，还是爱好人文的普通读者，都能够从中得到自己的收获。
人类简史 读后感800字
当我看完了这本书，我真的给赫拉利的这套惊艳到了，原史还可以从这种角度进看去理解。
我们人类作为万物之灵，并不是因为单纯的我们拥有语言和会使用工具。
人类之所以凌驾于万物之上，是因为整个地球上唯一突破了邓巴数字的物种。
（当然我们也拥有最复杂的语言和最先进的工具）所以人类崛起的秘密在于集体的协作集体的崛起，并不是个体的崛起。
人类崛起以后我们就开始了出现新的思维，这我们就开始学会讲故事了（所以说谎言从我们开始思考就出现了）。
传说，神话以及宗教就开始出现了。
其中有一个最成功的故事那就是货币，以前我总是不明白一张纸为什么会拥有购买力，现在明白了那是因为这是一个我们共同相信的故事，一个很发达很完善的故事。
所以购买力的强弱就跟讲出这个故事的主人挂钩（这个在经济学上称之为背书）了。
当这个故事的主人（一般是一个国家）他很有实力，相信的人越多，购买力就强。
其中在科技革命有一个很犀利的观点，那就是科学革命的本质就是承认无知的革命。
然后去探索未知，取得新的知识。
这让我想起了我们国家的清朝政府，如果他们当时能够早点摆脱自己是天朝大国的这种思想，承认自己的科学并不能解释所有的问题。
可能就不会出现后来的闭关锁国和被侵略的事情。
但这些都是如果而已了。
引用作者的一句话那就是“历史的铁则就是：事后看来无可避免的事，在当时看来总是毫不明显”。
最后看这本书让我感受最深的就是当你的知识足够全面足够多时，你就能组成一套自己逻辑正确（一定意义上的正确）地去理解社会和历史，甚至去推演未来。
钱钟书《围城》中体现的爱情观
爱情是荒芜的人性中的一点稀微的灵光，却又被情欲与私欲糟蹋得面目全非。
同鲍小姐的荒唐劣迹，同苏小姐的虚以逶迤，同苏小姐堂妹的一厢情愿，同孙小姐的仓促婚礼。
全程都体现着一个主题，爱欲与私欲的交织与纠缠。
围城中的爱情观，说得明白一点儿，其实就是一种回归现实的思考，是突破浪漫与野蛮的混杂氛围的理性觉察。
它打破了恋爱神圣的精神幻想，展现给读者一个清晰的真实地恋爱到婚姻现实历程。
套用它的名句来说，婚姻就像围城，外面的人想进去，里面的人想出来。
这本书就是给外面的人以窥探城里人真实生活的机会，同时让城里人倾诉进城后的感知。
房龙的全部作品和生平
房龙1882年出生于荷兰鹿特丹一个富裕家庭。
自幼对历史、地理、船舶、绘画和音乐等发生兴趣。
1902年只身赴美国，入康奈尔大学，1905年获学士学位，1911年在慕尼黑大学获博士学位。
房龙早年的生活并不顺利，他的第一部著作《荷兰共和国的覆亡》虽然得到了一定认可，但销路并不理想。
1920年他应书商要约写作《古人类》，才取得一定销量，然而却并不足以扭转他的经济状况。
此后房龙写出多部畅销全美市场的作品，其中《圣经的故事》、《人类的故事》和《宽容》最为著名。
至1920年代末期他积累到一定财富，在美国和欧洲购置了房产，不再受限于经济问题，可以自由地从事创作和社会活动了。
房龙曾在康奈尔大学（1915-1917）和俄亥俄州安条克学院（1921-1922）取得过教职，校方认为他的课非常吸引学生，但是缺乏科学性，且无助于提高学生的历史成绩。
房龙曾以记者身份报道1905年俄国革命和第一次世界大战。
房龙常以自己手绘的漫画作为自己作品的插图。
房龙结过三次婚：1906年，他与来自马萨诸塞州上流家庭的Eliza Ingersoll Bowditch （数学家Nathaniel Bowditch的后代）结婚，育有两子。
1920年娶第二任妻子Eliza Helen Criswell（昵称“吉米”）。
在第三段婚姻结束后房龙一直与吉米同居直到去世。
《房龙传》的作者，房龙次子杰勒德·威廉·房龙认为房龙并不爱吉米，而只是把她看作工作和生活秘书。
房龙身高达2.08米，亦相当肥胖，有“大象”的绰号。
他的身体状况一直不甚理想，最后死于心脏病发。
此外因长期从事写作，房龙长期患有神经衰弱。
