《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》主要内容
我不只到
马克吐温的作品《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》英文名是什么
Goldsmith Friend Abroad Again.
《百万英镑》问题，急用 快进啊
亨利·亚当斯 这篇课文节选自美国著名作家马克?吐温写的短篇小说《百万英镑》。
课文主要讲了“我”到裁缝铺买衣服时，先遭到冷遇，而后由于拿出了一张百万英镑的大钞，又倍受关照的故事。
作者淋漓尽致地刻画了小市民以钱取人、金钱至上的丑态。
文章主要采用前后内容对比的方法，通过描写人物动作、语言、神态等变化来刻画人物形象。
首先上场的是托德。
“我”来到裁缝店，托德以衣取人，对“我”表现得漫不经心，十分怠慢，对“我”十分轻视。
当“我”因“身边没有带着零钱”而“胆怯”地请求他“通融通融”的时候，竟遭到他十分刻薄的嘲讽。
当这一嘲讽引起“我”的“冒火”时，他的态度才“稍微”有所改变。
作者的这些描写，目的是极力表现托德的势利眼和傲慢无礼。
当“我”真的把钞票拿出来后，托德的态度发生了极大的变化。
“笑容遍布满脸”，托德的见钱眼开，表现出了托德对金钱的贪婪。
而当他向钞票瞟了一眼，发现是百万英镑时，他的“笑容马上牢牢凝结”，“变得毫无光彩”。
作者对这一“凝结”的笑容作了细致的刻画，反映了托德此时的窘迫、难堪。
作者就这样通过钞票拿出前和拿出后的强烈对比，通过人物的对话和神态的生动的描写，活脱脱地刻画出了托德市侩小人的形象。
接着出场的是裁缝店里的老板。
在“我”与托德交涉的时候，老板始终不露面。
而当他听到“钞票”二字，他“赶紧跑过来”，“兴致勃勃”地询问是“出了什么岔子”。
老板的势利和见钱眼开，较托德有过之而无不及。
当他看到是百万英镑时，就“吹了一声轻松的口哨”。
这“一声轻松的口哨”，既是为了打破僵局，缓和气氛，同时也暴露了他见到百万富翁时的满心喜悦。
因为他想这下他可要发大财了，遇到了一个千载难逢的好机会。
接着，作者便细致地描写了他的语言，通过语言反映了他的一系列的活动，最后还送出门去。
可见，他为了金钱不惜采用一切手段，甚至降低自己的人格。
作者就是这样刻画出了老板的唯利是图、世故圆滑、阿谀奉承、献媚讨好的丑态。
选编本文的目的：一是通过对作品的阅读，把握托德、老板的性格特点。
二是了解作者通过人物语言、动作、神态的前后对比，刻画人物形象的方法。
三是激发学生阅读外国名著的兴趣。
其中，第一、二个方面是本文教学的重难点。
2．词句的解析(1）对句子的理解。
①啊，是吗?哼，当然我也料到了你没有带零钱。
我看像你这样的阔人是只会带大票子的。
这是托德面对“我”胆怯地请求通融时说的一句话。
这句话比较集中地反映了托德起初对“我”的态度。
话说得很刻薄，充满了歧视与轻蔑。
“料到了你没有带零钱……只会带大票子”，说的是反话，意即你根本没有钱，挖苦、讽刺至极。
透过这句话，一个藐视穷人，在穷人面前傲慢无礼的形象跃然纸上。
②他微笑着接了过去，那种笑容是遍布满脸的……满是蛆虫似的一片一片的熔岩一般。
这几句话主要描写的是托德见钱后的笑容。
作家用夸张和辛辣的笔墨，先写托德见钱后的笑容，笑容遍布满脸，里面还有“纹”——折纹、皱纹、螺旋纹。
好一个见钱眼开的家伙，托德见是大钱后的笑容，牢牢地凝结起来，像一片一片的熔岩。
这“凝结起来的笑容里”有难堪，有窘迫，更多的还是对钱的贪恋，可能托德从未见过这么大的钞票，已呆若木鸡，不知所措。
马克·吐温不愧为语言大师，简单几笔，则淋漓尽致地刻画出了托德这个势利的拜金主义者令人作呕的丑态。
③您说得很对，先生，您说得很对。
您请稍等一会儿——我送您出去，先生。
好吧——再见，先生，再见。
这是本文的结尾，当“我”离店时老板说的话。
老板要表达的意思其实很简单，“您说得对，我送您，再见”。
但由于此时站在老板面前的是位百万富翁，见钱眼开的老板已语无伦次，极尽奉承之能事，反反复复，啰啰唆唆，透过这言语，不难看出老板那副奴才相。
同时，这一结尾与文章开头形成了鲜明的对比，开头，“我”遭遇的是那般冷落；结尾，“我”受到的是这般热情，为什么会发生这样大的变化，自然会引起读者的深思。
(2)对词语的理解。
蹩脚：质量不好；本领不强。
通融：变通办法，给人方便。
刻薄：(待人、说话)冷酷无情，过分的苛求。
武断：只凭主观判断。
熔岩：从火山或地面的裂缝中喷出来或溢出来的高温岩浆，冷却后凝固成岩石。
窘况：非常困难又无法摆脱的境况。
兴致勃勃：兴趣强烈的样子。
阔佬：年纪较大的有钱的人。
撵跑：驱逐；赶走。
雅致：(服饰、器物、房屋等)美观而不落俗套。
公爵：封建五等爵位的第一等。
考究：这里是讲究、精美的意思。
妙不可言：美妙得不能用语言形容。
十全十美：各方面都非常完美，毫无缺陷。
晚礼服：在晚会时穿的服装。
便装：便服，休闲服装。
亲王：皇帝或国王的亲属中被封王的人。
二、教学目标1．认识4个生字。
读读记记“魔力、通融、刻薄、武断、熔岩、窘况、阔佬、撵跑、雅致、考究、妙不可言、十全十美”等词语。
2．理解课文内容，了解托德和老板的性格特点，学习作者描写人物的方法。
3．激发学生阅读外国名著的兴趣。
三、教学建议1．本文是本组的最后一篇课文，教学时，要注意承前和小结。
教学本文前，先组织学生交流：通过学习本组的几篇课文，自己结识了哪些人物，作家的哪些描写给自己留下了深刻的印象。
在交流的基础上顺势转入阅读本文。
本文的教学仍可按照“学生自学、师生讨论”两个环节来组织。
本文人物形象，学生容易把握，讨论的重点可放在描写方法的体会上。
最后，小结本组课文的学习情况。
2．体会作家描写人物的方法，这是本文教学的重、难点。
教学时要注意以下几点：一是要抓住人物言行的前后变化来体会。
如托德，他开始是怎么做、怎么说的，后来呢，他为什么这样做、这样说，这样写有什么好处。
二是要抓住最能反映人物特点的句、段，重点体会。
如，“老板望了一眼，吹了一声轻快的口哨”一段话，先指导学生理解，老板为什么吹了一声轻快的口哨，他心里可能在想些什么等，了解这段话所表达的基本意思，再引导学生体会写法，画出写老板一系列动作的词语，读读说说“望、吹、钻、翻、说”这些表示动作的词反映了什么，你认为这些词语用得好在哪里。
3．本文要求学生认识4个生字，要重点指导学生读准“撵”字的字音，特别是读准声母“n”。
“佬、熔、钞”，可让学生用熟字加偏旁或换偏旁的方法识记。
文中有许多优美词、句，要注意帮助学生积累。
四、相关链接马克·吐温 (1835—1910)，美国作家，本名塞谬尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯。
马克·吐温是其笔名。
出生于密西西比河畔小城汉尼拔的一个乡村律师家庭，从小出外拜师学徒。
当过排字工人，密西西比河水手、南军士兵，还经营过木材业、矿业和出版业，但比较成功的工作是当记者和写作。
马克·吐温是美国批判现实主义文学的奠基人，世界著名的短篇小说大师。
他经历了美国从“自由”资本主义到帝国主义的发展过程，其思想和创作也表现为从轻快调笑到辛辣讽刺再到悲观厌世的发展阶段。
他的早期创作，如，短篇小说《竞选州长》《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》，以幽默、诙谐的笔法嘲笑美国“民主选举”的荒谬和“民主天堂”的本质。
中期作品，如，长篇小说《镀金时代》、代表作长篇小说《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》及《傻瓜威尔逊》则以深沉、辛辣的笔调讽刺和揭露像瘟疫般盛行于美国的投机、拜金狂热，以及暗无天日的社会现实与惨无人道的种族歧视。
《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》通过白人小孩哈克跟逃亡黑奴吉姆结伴在密西西比河流浪的故事，不仅批判封建家庭结仇械斗的野蛮，揭露私刑的毫无理性，而且讽刺宗教的虚伪愚昧，谴责蓄奴制的罪恶，并歌颂黑奴的优秀品质，宣传不分种族地位人人都享有自由权利的进步主张。
作品文字清新有力，审视角度自然而独特，被视为美国文学史上具有划时代意义的现实主义著作。
19世纪末，随着美国进入帝国主义发展阶段，马克·吐温的一些游记、杂文、政论，如，《赤道环行记》、中篇小说《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》《神秘来客》等的批判揭露意义也逐渐减弱，而绝望神秘情绪则有所增长。
马克·吐温被誉为“美国文学中的林肯”。
他的主要作品已大多有中文译本。
《百万英镑》内容简介 讲一个贫穷、诚实的人，也就是这个故事的主人公收到了一对兄弟的信，信里面送给了他一百万英镑。
原来这对兄弟打了一个赌，赌如果一个贫穷、诚实的人收到天上掉下的一百万英镑，他会有怎样的结果?哥哥认为他会饿死，因为他无法证明这些钱是他自己的，会受到别人的怀疑，连银行都不会让他存钱。
弟弟则认为他会过得很好，于是兄弟俩将一百万英镑的支票借给了这个贫穷的人，并出国呆了三十天。
没想到在这段时间内，人们对这位突然暴富的罕见富翁，竟拼命地拉拢他，从免费吃饭，买衣服，到免费住宿，一个个讨好他，并不断提高他的社会地位，一直到了除王室外地位最高的公爵之上!不光如此，他还得到了一位好妻子和三万英镑的银行利息，最后还从两兄弟那儿得到了一份很好的工作，过着非常舒适的生活。
求美国作家作品英文简介
The Waste LandThomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965)1.The Introduction of THE WASTE LAND （简介）T.S.Eliot was a remarkable poet, playwright, and critic in English literature. In 1922, at the age of 34, he published his famous works “THE WASTE LAND”, which made him establish his reputation in the field of poem. It is not only a summit of symbolic poem but paves the new way to the development of modernistic poem of Europe and America. It can be said without exaggeration that it is an epoch—making and influential long poem whether it is in the form or in content. In this poem, it is involved in six foreign languages. The author also quotes a lot of fairy stories, historical allusions, and famous sentences from many literary works, especially works by Dante. He uses these altogether irrelevant quotations in his own creation perfectly and properly. It composed a complete, extensive and harmonious poem through the restrained structure, by symbol, hint and association. Some sentences in this poem have not clear and definate definations. We must admit that this poem cannot be understood altogether. In the author’s opion, modern society and personal life are very complex, changeable and intangible, so it cannot be avoided that the poems of modern society are not easy to understand. In spite of this, we will try our best to analyze the content of this poem so that we could get its topic.2.The Content of THE WASTE LAND（主要内容）This poem consists of 5 chapters.The first chapter is THE BURICAL OF THE DEAD. The title originates from the funeral rite of English state religion and implies the people in modern society are the same as the dead. And also, this chapter can be divided into 3 parts. In the first part, Mary’s jumping recall and her experience on reality mix with each other. And the author compares the beauty of the past with the ugliness of the present. This is the start of waste times. In the second part, it mainly writes the bewilderment of Madame Sosostris. Sosostris is a prophet with a wicked pack of cards. These cards, in fact, are those that appears in the Grail Legend. In this Legend, it tells that the waste land can revive if a hero with a sword can find the Holy Grali. However, it is a pity there are no heroes in the waste land. So there is no hope to make the waste land revive.In addition, a Madame Sosostris is so –called “famous Clairvoyant”. However, she cannot find “The Hanged Man”,so he foresees others’ death. Here “The Hanged Man” implies, in fact, Jesus who is the savior. Thus, it means people cannot get rid of the fate of death because no Jesus saves them. That is to say, there is no hope to save “the Lost Gernation” in America. The third part further emphasizes the picture of death. ‘Under the brown fog of a winter dawn, A crowd flowed over London Bridge.’ The speaker is asking if the corpse that Stetson ‘planted’ last year in the garden begins to sprout. It implies that people are wondering if God can revive again. But through the sentence “Or has the sudden frost disturbed its bed?”, we cannot get the definite answer about the meaning of revivification.The title of chapter 2 is “A Game Of Chess’. In this chapter, it mainly describes the mean and disaster sexual relations which exists in both the upper class and the lower class. The second chapter can be divided into two plots and two scenes. In the first scene, the author describes a woman’s bedroom specifically. From the sentence ‘In vials of ivory and coloured glass unstoppered, lurked her strange synthetic’, we can see this woman belongs to the upper class. Many words are concerned with this description. In this scene, the Philomel implies the gist. Philomel is one of the characters in an allusion. This allusion is used in this poem to create the atmosphere where the vexed upper--class woman lives. In the second scene, a filthy pub is described. And from the description of the pub,we can see the woman called Lil comes from the lower class. She and her friend are drinking heavily, at the same time, she is discussing with her friend how to conceal her illicit sexual relations with anther man through induced abortion because her husband will come back from army. In this chapter, the author describes the two women coming from different classes. One is the upper--class woman Philomel; the other is the humble woman Lil. They both lead a degenerate life. It is not good for the waste land to be revived . It can be concluded from the poem that normal and healthy sexual relationship can bring hope and flourishing land to this waste land. However, normal sexual relationship cannot be found in this poem. So, in this chapter, the author implies that the soul of ‘the Lost Gernation’in America can not be saved for ever. In fact, the portrayal of the two women makes us see the picture of the degenerate atmosphere in the modern western world.‘The Fire Sermon’ is the title of the third chapter. The title originates from Buddhist doctrine. It has two implications. The first one is that the person should lead a holy life. They mustn’t have too much desire. The second implication is that fire can make the filthy persons pure. Thus, they can revive. In this chapter, the author regards the healthy sexual relationship as the paramount base of revivification of human spirits. However, modern people are immersed in the desire of the sexual intercourse and they cannot control themselves. The comparison between the author’s viewpoint and reality makes us realize the effort of seeking for revivification will fail in the end.The chapter 4 is ‘Death by water’. And ‘water’ here refers to the water of lust. In the first chapter Madame Sosostris predicates that Phlebas the Phoenician will die. And in this chapter, her words come true. Phlebas was drowned in the ‘whirlpool’. Phlebas is the symbol of modern people who live in the whirl of money and promiscuity.‘What Thunder Said’ is the last chapter of this poem. The poet gives us a picture of the waste land again---stony places, ‘Here is no water but only rock’. ‘Water’ here is given to the meaning of revivification, but there is no trace of water in the wasteland. And also, the sentence ‘shall I at least set my lands in order?’ implies that the subject of revivification cannot come true.3.The artistic achievements of THE WASTE LAND 艺术成就‘The Waste Land’ is a historical poem about disintegration of spirits of western people in modern society. It is a highly artistic condensation of the life of western people postwar. It shows the poet’s worries and despairs and embodies deep tragedy. ‘The Waste Land’ is not only the symbol of the declining western civilization but also the symbol of the spiritual disintegration of modern western people. Or ,specifically speaking, ‘The Waste Land’ is the true portrayal of the spirit of ‘the lost generation’ in America. Even though America would reach the most splendid and prosperous moment after The First World War, many young American people are occupied with nothing. The ‘unreal city’ in this poem refers to London. It is the epitome of the modern western society. In this city, people have no belief, no hope, they lead a befuddled life, and they cannot control their lust in making love. Here, the poet touches the basic question of the western world in the 20th century: in a society losing the value standard, there is a doubt for the meaning of the existence of human being. And also, it is a hard mystery to solve for the subsistence of human being.‘The Waste Land’ initiates a new style of poem. At the same time, it reaches many artistic achievements.First of all, there is a corresponding structure of mythology under the superficial structure of modern subject matters.Secondly, it is the greatest characteristic by using a lot of allusions in this poem. The poet quotes a lot of sentences coming from different ages, different essays and different writers. And every allusion has its special artistic effect.Thirdly, ‘The Waste Land’ reflects the author’s view of ‘impersonality’ in creating a poem. That is to say, the poet doesn’t express his own thoughts in the poem directly. He uses all kinds of ‘discourse of animality’to express what he wants to express. He doesn’t put his own idea in his poem. That is to say, he develops his poem in a roundabout way. In fact, this is an effective attempt of ‘impersonality’. He will make his thoughts known to the readers by describing other things. And these things are “objective correspondent”In addition, through the technical skills of monologue, which the poet adopts in some chapters of ‘The Waste Land’, the poem shows not only the subtle psychological activities but also the fleeting unconsciousness of the character. This increases the richness of the works’ symbolic meaning. This poem is a free verse. That is, it is written in free style. And also, less prosody is used in this poem. Even though the language used in this poem is flexible, rhythm is very compact and well—organized.
马克吐温的作品
你好，马温是十九世纪末美国杰出的批判现实主家。
（1835-1910）他是一位世界闻名的幽默作家。
1865年，他发表了小说《卡拉维拉斯县有名的跳蛙》，由此成名。
1869年，他出版了散文集《傻子国外旅行记》同时，他还有《竞选州长》和《哥尔斯密的朋友再度出洋》到了70年代，他创作了《镀金时代》和《汤姆.索亚历险记》
马克·吐温名字的由来的意义
马克.吐温的名字：Mark Twain原名Samuel Clemens，Mark Twain这个笔名的来历是这样的，马克.吐温的童年是在密西西比河边上长大的，曾经当过船上的水手，Mark Twain是指距离可以使船搁浅的地方12尺的航线，就是一个可以安全航行的标志，Mark 是标志，Twain是从12衍生而来。
马克.吐温和美国著名老牌富豪洛克菲勒有亲缘关系，洛克菲勒是金钱方面的天才，而马克.吐温是文学天才，管理金钱上能力很一般，尽管收入很高，但经常出现财政危机。
佛洛伊德眼中的马克.吐温：著名心理分析家佛洛伊德曾经提到过马克.吐温，分析出吐温的性上有问题，经过后来佛洛伊德派的分析，认为马克.吐温因为性功能有问题，长期生活在性压抑中，可是性的火山总是要爆发的，不让从生殖系统宣泄出来，就被挤兑到了文学上，所以马克.吐温的文学天赋和幽默是一种性的宣泄。
这个理论在80年代很流行，也有很多人硬要把自己已经有地方宣泄了的性转移到文学上，结果冒的泡就很小了，所以这个压抑和转移宣泄不是人为可以操控的。
海明威评论马克.吐温：海明威说美国现代文学都源自一本马克.吐温写的叫哈克贝瑞芬（Huckleberry Finn）历险记的书。
这个评论寓意深刻，即讽刺了美国现代文学也讽刺了马克.吐温，所以马派支持者说海明威也努力做到“去马化”，并批评海明威的文字，词汇量少，没有幽默的元素，枯燥无味，崇尚暴力，是高中生的梦魇。
如果两位生在一个时代，一定有好架可打了
马可.吐温个人简介
《竞选州长》 《汤姆·索亚历险记》（1876年） 《乞丐王子》（1882年） 《顽童流浪记》（1884年） 《卡县名蛙》 《百万英镑》 《败坏了哈德莱堡的人》 《三万元遗产》 《案中案》 《苦行记》 《坏孩子的故事》 《火车上的噬人事件》 《我最近辞职的事实经过》 《田纳西的新闻界》
