求一篇 of studies 读后感
w 自己找到了~..【文趣欣赏】 Of Studies，是培根400年前撰写的一篇探讨读书问题的散文杂记，亦是英语文学中妇孺皆知的劝学名篇。
该文笔力遒劲苍幽，思想精深悠远，行文简洁明快，论述深入浅出，分析桴鼓相应，读来时若春雨润物，时若激流漂石，时若清风拂面，时若万籁俱号，令人似置身庄子《齐物论》所谓之“野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也”之境界中。
Of Studies从读书之功用立论，分析了读书学习对人生不同凡响的意义。
同时人们对读书学习态度之取向、方法之别异，也直接影响到了学习效果的泾渭两色。
培根以为读书的功用有三，即Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability。
其在人生中的具体体现亦有三，即 Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. 在作者看来，人们的经验与学识，亦直接影响其读书之取向与效用。
具体说来，就是expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. 由于方法之不同，学习之效果也将各异。
所以培根说，To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. 这个说法颇似孟子“仅信书则不如无书”之教诲。
读书不能全凭经验判理，而学识亦不可脱离实际独存。
经验与学识，当是相辅相成的、彼此互补的。
在培根看来，这两方面的积累是人生所不可或缺的知识积淀。
所以，They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 而对读书态度之不同，亦决定读书者获益之众寡。
常见的现象是，Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. 读书不求学问长进，而是存心吹毛求疵诘难作者，以显其能。
这是另外一种庸人读书心态。
怀着此种心态读书，焉能从中获益
所以培根告诫学人，Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. 在前苏联电影《列宁在1918》中，有这样一个情节：列宁为了躲避密探的追捕，隐蔽朋友瓦西里家里。
晚上，列宁将瓦西里给他搬来的书分作两类，并告诉瓦西里哪些书可以枕头，哪些书应当垫脚。
所谓枕头的书，就是需要认真拜读、仔细品味、努力思考的佳作。
所谓垫脚的书，就是那些文风浮浅、思想轻浅、论述表浅的平庸之作。
培根对书的认识与列宁的看法，可谓所见不差。
所以他说，Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. 读书的方法，自然涵盖对所读之书的选择和所读内容的鉴赏这两个方面。
然而，在一定意义上，读书的方法还包括所谓之“不读之读”。
“不读之读”，即由于种种原因，读者不直接阅读有关书本的内容，而是通过阅读有关评介文章或他人的读书笔记来了解有关著作的基本思想和内容。
这种读书方式，其实就是现代人士所惯常凭借之学习方法。
人们采用这种学习方法，出于种种原因。
一则原著阙如，无法直接欣赏，于是便通过阅读他人的笔记或评介以足心愿。
二则时间有限，无法一一拜读，只好寻求便捷途径了解其大致内容要旨。
自然，采用这种读书方法的，恐怕也有投机之嫌。
然而，对于孜孜以求于学问的莘莘学子而言，此法之运用，必得统筹兼顾，否则必然陷入人云亦云的泥沼之中。
对此，培根的忠告是：Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things. 高尔基说，书籍是人类进步的阶梯。
对人类来说，书籍是进步的阶梯。
对于个人来说，书籍，自然，也是进步的阶梯。
书籍可以提高个人的文化素养、扩展个人的思想境界和发展个人的智慧潜能。
所以，培根说Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.读书者要达到这样一个收获颇丰的境界，其前提要律至关重要，那就是所读之书须是好书佳作。
求一篇 of studies 读后感
音乐大厅的英文单词
求一篇 of studies 读后感
w 自己找到了~..【文趣欣赏】 Of Studies，是培根400年前撰写的一篇探讨读书问题的散文杂记，亦是英语文学中妇孺皆知的劝学名篇。
该文笔力遒劲苍幽，思想精深悠远，行文简洁明快，论述深入浅出，分析桴鼓相应，读来时若春雨润物，时若激流漂石，时若清风拂面，时若万籁俱号，令人似置身庄子《齐物论》所谓之“野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也”之境界中。
Of Studies从读书之功用立论，分析了读书学习对人生不同凡响的意义。
同时人们对读书学习态度之取向、方法之别异，也直接影响到了学习效果的泾渭两色。
培根以为读书的功用有三，即Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability。
其在人生中的具体体现亦有三，即 Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. 在作者看来，人们的经验与学识，亦直接影响其读书之取向与效用。
具体说来，就是expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. 由于方法之不同，学习之效果也将各异。
所以培根说，To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. 这个说法颇似孟子“仅信书则不如无书”之教诲。
读书不能全凭经验判理，而学识亦不可脱离实际独存。
经验与学识，当是相辅相成的、彼此互补的。
在培根看来，这两方面的积累是人生所不可或缺的知识积淀。
所以，They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 而对读书态度之不同，亦决定读书者获益之众寡。
常见的现象是，Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. 读书不求学问长进，而是存心吹毛求疵诘难作者，以显其能。
这是另外一种庸人读书心态。
怀着此种心态读书，焉能从中获益
所以培根告诫学人，Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. 在前苏联电影《列宁在1918》中，有这样一个情节：列宁为了躲避密探的追捕，隐蔽朋友瓦西里家里。
晚上，列宁将瓦西里给他搬来的书分作两类，并告诉瓦西里哪些书可以枕头，哪些书应当垫脚。
所谓枕头的书，就是需要认真拜读、仔细品味、努力思考的佳作。
所谓垫脚的书，就是那些文风浮浅、思想轻浅、论述表浅的平庸之作。
培根对书的认识与列宁的看法，可谓所见不差。
所以他说，Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. 读书的方法，自然涵盖对所读之书的选择和所读内容的鉴赏这两个方面。
然而，在一定意义上，读书的方法还包括所谓之“不读之读”。
“不读之读”，即由于种种原因，读者不直接阅读有关书本的内容，而是通过阅读有关评介文章或他人的读书笔记来了解有关著作的基本思想和内容。
这种读书方式，其实就是现代人士所惯常凭借之学习方法。
人们采用这种学习方法，出于种种原因。
一则原著阙如，无法直接欣赏，于是便通过阅读他人的笔记或评介以足心愿。
二则时间有限，无法一一拜读，只好寻求便捷途径了解其大致内容要旨。
自然，采用这种读书方法的，恐怕也有投机之嫌。
然而，对于孜孜以求于学问的莘莘学子而言，此法之运用，必得统筹兼顾，否则必然陷入人云亦云的泥沼之中。
对此，培根的忠告是：Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things. 高尔基说，书籍是人类进步的阶梯。
对人类来说，书籍是进步的阶梯。
对于个人来说，书籍，自然，也是进步的阶梯。
书籍可以提高个人的文化素养、扩展个人的思想境界和发展个人的智慧潜能。
所以，培根说Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.读书者要达到这样一个收获颇丰的境界，其前提要律至关重要，那就是所读之书须是好书佳作。
求名著英文读后感两篇要求1500单词
只能写10000字 《红字》 The Scarlet Letter Book The Scarlet Letter is the American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne's most outstanding representative of the United States as a whole romantic story in the most prestigious works of one of the authority.'s Novel The story takes place in the mid-seventeenth century Calvin who were under the rule of the Boston, the author At that time, the social status quo from the start, through a touching love story to expose the tragedy of the spirit of the people, spiritual and moral destruction. * Hester Prynne is a marriage was on the unfortunate women, young and beautiful, but married to a physical deformity of the sick patients * Shiluo Jie Ling Qi Worth, a lack of love between husband and wife, and later, Roger Also missing at sea, Yaowuyinxun, Prynne lived a lonely life. At this time there is a handsome and ambitious young minister, Arthur Dimmesdale * into her life, they are sincere love, time After a period of privacy but warm love life. In the near future, Blenheim pregnant as a result of the hidden exposure to the crime of adultery was arrested, in prison, gave birth to a daughter, Pearl small. At that time, in accordance with the rules, the only explanation adulterer Prynne's name in order to be pardoned, they would be punished. However, the implementation of the mandate of the trial but it was his lover. Prynne alone would rather put up with any punishment for her generation and Dimmesdale Seoul between the deeply buried in the hearts of love, she has a strong hold on. * Hester Prynne was punished, she must be wearing a life-long embroidered red A word of the coat. A letter on behalf of adultery (Adultery) of the word. Prynne Pearl with a small retreat from living alone in remote huts on the outskirts of In those who have been lonely life. Sinister and former Fu Luojie Dimmesdale found the abnormal performance of the minister to use such mixed feelings and suffering, continue to torment him, Dimmesdale finally promoted to bishop in his forthcoming On the eve of, publicly announced their secret, Dimmesdale to expose people around the love of the first carol. When he himself say a few words of bras, of a scarlet A word in defense of his chest. In his own wife who passed away. * Hester Prynne, his strong, perseverance, love of the faithful. Although the ruled that the guilty, but she has a clean, pure. Her spirit rising to become truth, benevolence and beauty in disguise. She moves on to teach and the right of the feudal regime of oppression under the love, human rights and freedoms fully affirmed. Prynne and Dimmesdale initially had a red-hot love, although he had to retreat, to cover for their own comfort, but the heart of the suffering has not been affected by his calm and security, on the contrary, more and more strongly. He Prynne and the date, he flails on the stage of self-punishment of repentance, and their escape plans, as well as the final public speeches have become Dimmesdale's love toward the altar of the approaching step by step by step. Finally, he say a few words T-shirt, people see a large cake in his chest A red characters. A word that is actually baked in his mind, this is the distillation of love. Rose spent by the author with good symbol of the United States, with prison a symbol of death, with a light, a bird ... ... Prynne and Dimmesdale a symbol of love between the crystallization - Pearl so that the work is full of a Charming drive. In the last works in combination Prynne and Dimmesdale's words inscribed on the tombstone: a cemetery, inscribed A word of the blood red. This indeed is the phrase meaningful《纯真的》After a small M have long recommended, The Age of Innocence and thought that the Fen Qing-style of writing I do not like it, but I accepted, but which are often humorous language making humorous laugh. Not the whole story I was impressed, in addition to the name, The Age of Innocence. We all have been so innocent era, then stick to the time - even if we have most to lose. Sometimes that will now miss the start with some memories are too hypocritical, but there is still a thing of the past years, as opposed to now is a more innocent era, I, we will miss you very much! I rise at school that day, Tang Tang put on the ring play, just put the ring on the phone, looked at the names of calls, I look distracted on the whole, had a response from only a few seconds. Never thought I would be little call, how long we have had no contact? For a long time now, but for small M and I will not have to forget him? But the excitement of the moment, and excitedly ran to answer the phone outside the classroom, the results of the telephone voice Natou ... ... I thought it was a bad signal, and linked the attack to him in the past, this time on the Shang Keling rang, so I hung up Phone to school, and then he would fight back ... ... Not surprisingly, he is careful not wrong ... ... But to hear his voice again, I am very happy. How long has he heard a voice? ... ... Do not remember his voice, or so nicely! I have a small school to call M, to tell her this, with a tone of ridicule her means, but also the hearts of the real feel happy, real feel his voice in so long after the sound is still good to hear! We are very excited about the talk for a long time and then you told me you are surging, and I laugh. Yes ah, we are surging, but if you received his phone call to hear his voice, you direct a boiling it ^ ^ Those years, we have the surging passion and pure love of juvenile time is to him. Qiu Huibao we do not, with impunity, he's like. We will remember his bit by bit, this diary, he is the highest frequency. I am a long time that night sitting in the window, my arms are drying flowers, moonlight, they have a strange and beautiful color and fragrance, and I have hidden under the music loudly crying. Wound that remains, and can not be touched, I know it seems clear to forget everything, and all the buildings have become the memory of my life in the dry flowers, always, can not fade, never, in my years off the dust from dust. Woo, I was So to miss you. We will not forget this part of it, leaves Fashion Collection to spend the mummy. We marveled at the time, even the names are the same, and the text between the kind of emotion is going after Yu's portrayal of the real. For this article, I remember a woman called Ye Fashion Collection. Eight years later is how we are feeling at the time to look at the feelings of it? I think we will not be childish and laughable, on the contrary, we admire very much at the time of their own, can be like as a pure, as a firm. The Age of Innocence, when the juvenile is no longer afraid of Zhao Buhui it! It is like the first, the price of love to sing the same: Fewer still remember when you dream Flowers will never fade like a flower I have gone through with it exposed to the elements Look at things to see volatile changes in the vicissitudes of life For those who love the price paid by the Will never forget all the ah All true, then the infatuation Never in my heart Although he did not have I may occasionally still think he Will inevitably occasionally about his When he is on an old friend ah I also feel bad I have about But my heart is no longer sparks Let the past go all the wind All true, then the infatuation Never in my heart Although he did not have Go always go to learn to grow their own Go go of life inevitably experience pain struggle Go go for his heart to find a home Also feel sad tears have broken heart This is the price of love《远离尘嚣》 From Library Journal Random's Modern Library is reproducing this Hardy standard as a tie-in to a Masterpiece Theater presentation and offering a quality hardcover for a reasonable price. Copyright 1998 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title. From AudioFile Those who relished the recent PBS series will be happy to know that this audio version is read by Gabriel Oak himself--Nathaniel Parker. He and Thomas Hardy make a fine team. As the rustic workers bring in the harvest, or shear the sheep, or barter at the market--their lively dialogue projects pictures of nineteenth-century Wessex that are almost as vivid as the paintings of John Constable. Nathaniel Parker seems to be one of them--or all of them--as he slips naturally from one character to another, even capturing the voice of Bathsheba as she laments her disastrous marriage. It all comes together in the end as she and Gabriel prepare to live happily ever after, the only Hardy characters so blessed! J.C. (c)AudioFile, Portland, Maine --This text refers to the Audio Cassette edition. Review “Far from the Madding Crowd is the first of Thomas Hardy’s great novels, and the first to sound the tragic note for which his fiction is best remembered.” -Margaret Drabble From the Trade Paperback edition. Thomas Hardy Society Journal The readings are sensitive and intelligent and even revelatory, for they made me aware of how much is lost in a great writer like Hardy by our habit of silent reading. --This text refers to the Audio Cassette edition. The Boston Globe, January 1999 For classic literature, check out the new Cover to Cover series. All are 19th and 20th century works produced in England. They are handsomely packaged in sturdy, decorative cardboard boxes. The series carries the exclusive Royal Warrant from Charles, Prince of Wales...One of the first in series is Thomas Hardy's novel, Far from the Madding Crowd. Not as dour and fatalistic as his later works, this pastoral romance reveals a sly wit not usually associated with the author. --This text refers to the Audio Cassette edition. Deirdre Donahue, USA TODAY, December 3, 1998 These Cover to Cover tapes offer up a delectable feast for fans of the spoken word. We're talking class act here - from the elegant covers to the accomplished readers. --This text refers to the Audio Cassette edition. Review ?Far from the Madding Crowd is the first of Thomas Hardy?s great novels, and the first to sound the tragic note for which his fiction is best remembered.? -Margaret Drabble 《傲偏见 In fact, this book has been in contact with the first, but then the story of a very complex patient did not read a few chapters there will be no interest, has been set aside until today to pick up again. But when they look at the beginning of chapters still feel very boring, it understood only in here for the scene after the ambush pen. Blink of an eye, more than three chapter is over, and people's character is also very clear that it was a portrait of the author. This book seems to be only two kinds of people: the wise and foolish, there is no absolute good or bad, except perhaps Wickham liar. He used his clever flattery, as well as the ability to pay a pleasing the instrument, fascinated Elizabeth, kept for their own grievances washing, Darcy slander. He's funny, so full of flaws, and Elizabeth Congmingguoren are able to mesh with Bin Miss rebuttal, and Lady Catherine contradict, but still led by the nose by Wickham. To be honest, I do not think he cheated Elizabeth is a fool. Always first, Mr. arrogant, disrespectful way well into Elizabeth's mind, but also on how good opinion of him? The comments of other people, how can easily turn a deaf ear? Have a prejudice against Darcy is normal. I am talking about other people is a natural means of Xiangmaotangtang the Wickham. There is no denying that Wickham with a long handsome face, is also installed on the surface very gentleman. Although The human cannot the facial expression , know the human to know the surface not to be intimate Even I can say that living in the twenty-first century, so as to the identity of the spectator to see the story, Wickham still have a good opinion, how can we complain Elizabeth This is a life of the times in the last girl? The book is closed, taste carefully about it, just found the whole novel, was attractive because it is completely relaxed style of humor. Elizabeth laughed at the irony is that those self-gentleman, the aristocratic lady stood thoroughly exposed. The father of Elizabeth Bennet, even ridiculed by his wife and daughter for the family to be happy, fortunate Kenya? Unfortunately, Kenya? 《热爱生命》： The famous novel love life was a sensation in Europe and America, and has been praised Lenin. Works to show the nature of the strong, brave and adventurous spirit of romance, To Live strong will to attract me deeply, is excited about reading. This novel, by Jack London with great artistic strength to calm a soul-stirring account of the life and death struggle of the story, showing how to love life to help overcome the death of a person; Despite the Cross, the sick, exhausted, still in In the struggle to keep up with bare hands in the back of a uniform E Lang, and the world of ice and snow through the wilderness struggling to come to the beach, was finally rescued by a whaler. The tragic story, vividly demonstrates the great human and strong. Full display of the depths of human nature Moments, and vivid descriptions of a life's tenacity and strong, struck up a tenacious hymn to life, the spirits can be described as awesome. Life itself contains enormous potential energy. Sometimes life is very fragile moment, it may come to naught; life, but sometimes unusual strong, so strong was amazing. This allows you to power in the face no matter what, even if you swallow is the wild, wild animals, or hunger, disease, and will support you bravely overcome it. And behind the scenes support life, the energy is no doubt that conviction. As long as the hearts of survival is also the belief that they do not easily give up their lives, and then the embarrassing situation of Juechufengsheng also. On the other hand, love life, it is necessary to have faith, be pursued. When people have no faith, not the pursuit of life will become a full body, and what has been a dead? ! . In real life, it was untimely for the lament, a dream life, some people really do not intend to complain alive, but some people say life is painful and boring; not so in the belief that the instigation of life, what we see is too many The life of emptiness and boredom, too much of the game of life, decadence and depressed too much, as well as bored to death ... .... The other day to see a report that China's current annual suicide cases in the most rural areas, and the pesticide is the culprit; It also reflects the number from the side of China's rural population is currently the overall quality of the city relative to be further enhanced. Encounter live or work in some of the difficulties small and not try to overcome resolved, but anger, the bigger things, the event will be much Xunsimihuo. This novel of the same character to overcome obstacles, compared to the courage to survive difficult it is different. May be a lot of you have seen the show or people with Games for the Disabled, which the Warriors Shencanzhijian are difficult to overcome various difficulties and even torture, made even healthy people find it hard to complete the task. They are the love of life, difficulties with the courage to fight against a model. Jack London's love life has given us a profound lesson: In order to achieve a life goal, it is necessary to life with all difficulties and obstacles on the road to do the life-and-death struggle, and daring to win. In the face of life and work of the difficulties and even life-threatening, we can not sit still; resistance only, Apart from the victory because we have no choice! This novel's main character in the face of many difficulties and obstacles, want to give up life and death choice is no longer easy, but he did not die willingly, he chose to fight. As a result, life must be pursued, it is necessary to live a very dynamic game, career achievements, we must learn to live in strong and learn to fight, so that we can live up to the life of the great trust in order to be worthy of life itself. , Is in the nature of the small, too small all over the floor as the grassland. But the tiny person because of the tenacity of life and conviction walked from time immemorial, has created a colorful civilization and wealth. Let us never embrace of the great, tenacious of life; let Evergreen Tree of Life!
澳洲新西兰master of professional studies怎么样，是不是就是在职研究生
校友，我在奥大读的本科。
Master of professional studies的学时是不是一年的
这个和master of science的区别应该就是前者不写论文，只读paper。
后者是2年，要写毕业论文。
在职研究生是postgraduate diploma, Master of professional studies 是在拿到 diploma 以后才能读的。
所以加起来还是2年。
但可以不写论文。
但是不写论文，就不能再读PHD了。
关于澳洲国立大学，ANU，的master of studies，到底算是个什么文凭
college首先和大学不是一个等级。
除了大学（大学一般是直接写UNIVERSITY）下面的学院，比如伦敦大学国王学院（剑桥也有一个），或者XX大学下面的某专业学院。
但大学学院一般都会以大学的名义招生，除非特别有名的（比如国王一类的）还有一些专业学院，比如音乐学院一类的。
国外主要的大学特别是美国英国，好一些传统一些的大学都是以城市名字命名，还有一些有纪念意义为名称的。
但总的来说，最早期的高等教育叫COLLEGE后来统一改成叫UNIVERSITY。
而专业一点学院，比如音乐学院，特别是理工科，科学系的，比如麻省理工学院这样的，都叫INSTITUTE。
COLLEGE也有个别是大学的，但是总的来说都是指2年制学习的高等教育，继续教育。
就是成人教育了。
一般叫做continuing education，community college ，professional等等，这些名字最常见。
总之各种名称，叫各种COLLEGE的。
LZ说这个我觉得80%的可能性是普通高等教育（2－3年制的，类似于大专）。
夜校倒不至于，但是国外成人学习是很普通的事，就算是大学，我们班里同学还有个老头子不知道多大了，胡子都灰白了。
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所以各种教育学院也对社会开放，而且国家鼓励再教育。
不过，传统的教育还是去UNIVERSITY读学士学位。
当然找工作也不一样。
不过总的来说，学院不是指大学下面包含的下级院校，就是指大专，或者专业技术学院一类的。
LZ一定要慎重。
你要在国家留学教育网上查一下，每个国家都有名单，名单上有的是承认的。
没有的你就没法办留学归国证明，也不承认你的出国经历。
以后落档案交社保都是很麻烦的，当然，如果是成教这种学院，自然在美国或者其他国家也不等同于UNIVERSITY的BACHELOR学位。
基本可以肯定LZ所说的学院如果是这个名字，一般就是社会开放性的教育学院。
LZ可以详细问学历，如果说是DIPLOMA一类的字眼，就可以肯定了。
LZ还是多考虑吧，另外问一下具体是什么学校
有的学校可能管专业分科也叫COLLEGE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES的。
求一篇《麦田里的守望者》英语读后感
The Painfulness of Growing UpAccording to most analyses, The Catcher in the Rye is a bildungsroman, a novel about a young character’s growth into maturity. While it is appropriate to discuss the novel in such terms, Holden Caulfield is an unusual protagonist for a bildungsroman because his central goal is to resist the process of maturity itself. As his thoughts about the Museum of Natural History demonstrate, Holden fears change and is overwhelmed by complexity. He wants everything to be easily understandable and eternally fixed, like the statues of Eskimos and Indians in the museum. He is frightened because he is guilty of the sins he criticizes in others, and because he can’t understand everything around him. But he refuses to acknowledge this fear, expressing it only in a few instances—for example, when he talks about sex and admits that “[s]ex is something I just don’t understand. I swear to God I don’t” (Chapter 9).Instead of acknowledging that adulthood scares and mystifies him, Holden invents a fantasy that adulthood is a world of superficiality and hypocrisy (“phoniness”), while childhood is a world of innocence, curiosity, and honesty. Nothing reveals his image of these two worlds better than his fantasy about the catcher in the rye: he imagines childhood as an idyllic field of rye in which children romp and play; adulthood, for the children of this world, is equivalent to death—a fatal fall over the edge of a cliff. His created understandings of childhood and adulthood allow Holden to cut himself off from the world by covering himself with a protective armor of cynicism. But as the book progresses, Holden’s experiences, particularly his encounters with Mr. Antolini and Phoebe, reveal the shallowness of his conceptions.来源spartnotes这个网站很好，以后自己找。
